• Culture positive pulmonary MAC meeting ATS/IDSA disease criteria
• Age over 18 years
• Ability to provide informed consent
• Fibrocavitary disease
• Planned surgery for MAC disease
• Patients who have cumulatively taken 6 weeks or more of multi-drug antimicrobial treatment for MAC
• Patients who are currently taking or have taken multi-drug antimicrobial treatment for NTM within the prior 30 days
• Diagnosis of Cystic fibrosis
• Diagnosis of HIV
• History of solid organ or hematologic transplant
• Significant drug-drug interaction not clinically manageable in the opinion of the investigator
• Contraindication to any component of the study treatment regimen

• Suspected (e.g., persistent unexplained cytopenia, circulating peripheral blasts etc.) MDS or MDS/MPN overlap disorders and undergoing diagnostic work-up with planned bone marrow assessments, or diagnosed with de novo or therapy-related MDS within 12 months of enrollment per the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria1 and undergoing clinical evaluation and planned bone marrow assessments to confirm MDS or to evaluate disease status
• Bone marrow aspirate expected to be performed within 1 week of registration, and in all cases must be performed no later than 4 weeks after enrollment
• Age 18 or older
• If anemic without prior MDS diagnosis, B12 level, serum folate, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), red cell distribution width (RDW), ferritin, and iron studies (Iron, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) test, and percent saturation) must be performed within prior 6 months.
• Prior treatment for MDS at entry and through the time of the entry bone marrow aspirate
• Treatment with hematopoietic growth factors in prior 6 months
• Diagnosis of a solid tumor or hematologic malignancy within two years prior to enrollment except for in situ cancer of the skin (basal or squamous cell), cervix, bladder, breast, or prostate
• Treatment with radiation therapy in the two years prior to registration
• Non-hormonal treatment for malignancy within the two years prior to registration
• Established hereditary bone marrow failure syndrome
• Known primary diagnosis of aplastic anemia, classical paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenic purpura, or large granular lymphocyte leukemia
• Enrolled in the Connect® MDS/AML Disease Registry (NCT01688011)

1. CD19 expressing B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia 2. De novo NCI HR B-ALL who received first-line treatment and are MRD ≥ 0.01% at EOC. EOC bone marrow MRD will be collected prior to screening and will be assessed by multi-parameter flow cytometry using central laboratory analysis. 3. Age 1 to 25 years at the time of screening 4. Lansky (age < 16 years) or Karnofsky (age ≥ 16 years) performance status ≥ 60% 5. Adequate organ function during the screening period: A. Renal function based on age/gender B. ALT ≤ 5 times ULN for age C. AST ≤ 5 times ULN for age D. Total bilirubin < 2 mg/dL (for Gilbert's Syndrome subjects total bilirubin < 4 mg/dL) E. Adequate pulmonary function defined as:
• no or mild dyspnea (≤ Grade 1)
• oxygen saturation of > 90% on room air F. Adequate cardiac function defined as LVSF ≥ 28% confirmed by echocardiogram or LVEF ≥ 45% confirmed by echocardiogram or MUGA within 6 weeks of screening 6. Prior induction and consolidation chemotherapy allowed: 1st line subjects: ≤ 3 blocks of standard chemotherapy for first-line B-ALL, defined as 4-drug induction, Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster (BFM) consolidation or Phase 1b, and interim maintenance with high-dose methotrexate. 1. M3 marrow at the completion of 1st line induction therapy 2. M2 or M3 marrow or persistent extramedullary disease at the completion of first-line consolidation therapy or evidence of disease progression in the peripheral blood or new extramedullary disease prior to enrollment. Patients with previous CNS disease are eligible if there is no active CNS involvement of leukemia at the time of screening. 3. Philadelphia chromosome positive ALL 4. Hypodiploid: less than 44 chromosomes and/or DNA index < 0.81, or other clear evidence of a hypodiploid clone 5. Prior tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy 6. Subjects with concomitant genetic syndromes associated with bone marrow failure states: such as subjects with Fanconi anemia, Kostmann syndrome, Shwachman syndrome or any other known bone marrow failure syndrome. Subjects with Down syndrome will not be excluded. 7. Subjects with Burkitt's lymphoma/leukemia (i.e. subjects with mature B-ALL, leukemia with B-cell [sIg positive and kappa or lambda restricted positivity] ALL, with FAB L3 morphology and /or a MYC translocation) 8. Has had treatment with any prior anti-CD19 therapy 9. Treatment with any prior gene or engineered T cell therapy Other protocol-defined inclusion/exclusion may apply.

• All patients who have received a CAR-T therapy and completed or discontinued early from a Novartis sponsored treatment protocol that utilized CAR-T cells or from any CAR-T trial sponsored by the University of Pennsylvania with which Novartis has a contractual agreement to co-develop the CAR technology.
• Patients who have provided informed consent for the long term follow up study prior to their study participation .
• There are no specific exclusion criteria for this study.

• Enrollment must occur within 6 months of initial disease presentation OR within 6 months of refractory disease, disease progression, disease recurrence, second or secondary malignancy, or post-mortem
• Patients previously enrolled on ACCRN07 are eligible to enroll on Tracking Outcome, Registry and Future Contact components of APEC14B1 any time after they reach age of majority
• Patients with a known or suspected neoplasm that occurs in the pediatric, adolescent or young adult populations are eligible for enrollment as follows:
• All cancer cases with an International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) histologic behavior code of one "1" (borderline), two "2" (carcinoma in situ) or three "3" (malignant)
• All neoplastic lesions of the central nervous system regardless of behavior, i.e., benign, borderline or malignant
• The following other benign/borderline conditions:
• Mesoblastic nephroma
• Teratomas (mature and immature types)
• Myeloproliferative diseases including transient myeloproliferative disease
• Langerhans cell histiocytosis
• Lymphoproliferative diseases
• Desmoid tumors
• Gonadal stromal cell tumors
• Neuroendocrine tumors including pheochromocytoma
• Melanocytic tumors, except clearly benign nevi
• Ganglioneuromas
• Subjects must be =< 25 years of age at time of original diagnosis, except for patients who are being screened specifically for eligibility onto a COG (or COG participating National Clinical Trials Network [NCTN]) therapeutic study, for which there is a higher upper age limit
• All patients or their parents or legally authorized representatives must sign a written informed consent and agree to participate in at least one component of the study; parents will be asked to sign a separate consent for their own biospecimen submission
• If patients or their parents or legally authorized representatives have not signed the Part A subject consent form at the time of a diagnostic bone marrow procedure, it is recommended that they initially provide consent for drawing extra bone marrow using the Consent for Collection of Additional Bone Marrow; consent using the Part A subject consent form must be provided prior to any other procedures for eligibility screening or banking under APEC14B1

• All patients must be >= 18 years of age
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status: 0 or 1
• Patients must have known BRAF mutational status of tumor; wild-type (WT) or mutated, prior to randomization
• Patients must not be pregnant or breast-feeding due to use of cytotoxic immunotherapy and risk of teratogenic side effects; all patients of childbearing potential must have a blood test or urine study within 2 weeks prior to randomization to rule out pregnancy; a patient of childbearing potential is anyone, regardless of sexual orientation or whether they have undergone tubal ligation, who meets the following criteria: 1) has not undergone a hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy; or 2) has not been naturally postmenopausal for at least 24 consecutive months (i.e., has had menses at any time in the preceding 24 consecutive months)
• Patients must not conceive or father children by using accepted and effective method(s) of contraception or by abstaining from sexual intercourse from the time of study registration and continuing (for patients of child bearing potential) for at least 5 months after the last dose of protocol treatment; patients of childbearing potential must also not donate eggs during this same time period
• Patients must have unresectable stage III or stage IV melanoma according to American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) version (v)7; patients must have histological or cytological confirmation of melanoma that is metastatic or unresectable and clearly progressive
• Patients must have measurable disease per RECIST 1.1 criteria; all sites of disease must be evaluated within 4 weeks prior to randomization
• Patients may have had prior systemic therapy in the adjuvant setting (e.g. interferon, BRAF, or MEK agents). Patients may have had prior anti-CTLA-4 in the adjuvant setting, if at least one year from last dose of treatment has passed prior to beginning treatment. Patients may have had any prior anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 agent in the adjuvant setting, if at least one year from last dose of treatment has passed prior to beginning treatment
• Patients may not have had any prior ipilimumab and/or anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agent in the metastatic setting
• Patients must have discontinued chemotherapy, immunotherapy or other investigational agents used in the adjuvant setting >= 4 weeks prior to randomization and recovered from adverse events due to those agents; mitomycin and nitrosoureas must have been discontinued at least 6 weeks prior to entering the study; patients must have discontinued radiation therapy >= 2 weeks prior to entering the study and recovered from any adverse events associated with treatment; prior surgery must be >= 4 weeks from randomization and patients must be fully recovered from post-surgical complications
• Patients must not receive any other investigational agents while on study or within four weeks prior to randomization
• Patient must not have received any live vaccine within 30 days prior to randomization, while participating in the study, and for 4 weeks (28 days) after the last dose of protocol treatment; live vaccines include, but are not limited to, the following: measles, mumps, rubella, chicken pox, yellow fever, rabies, bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), and typhoid (oral) vaccine; patients are permitted to receive inactivated vaccines and any non-live vaccines including those for the seasonal influenza and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) (Note: intranasal influenza vaccines, such as Flu-Mist (registered trademark) are live attenuated vaccines and are not allowed); if possible, it is recommended to separate study drug administration from vaccine administration by about a week (primarily, in order to minimize an overlap of adverse events)
• Patients are ineligible if they have any currently active central nervous system (CNS) metastases; patients who have treated brain metastases (with either surgical resection or stereotactic radiosurgery) that have been stable on head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or contrast computed tomography (CT) scan for at least 4 weeks following treatment and within 4 weeks prior to randomization are eligible; patients must not have taken any steroids =< 14 days prior to randomization for the purpose of managing their brain metastases; patients with only whole brain irradiation for treatment of CNS metastases will be ineligible
• Patients must not have other current malignancies, other than basal cell skin cancer, squamous cell skin cancer, in situ cervical cancer, ductal or lobular carcinoma in situ of the breast; patients with other malignancies are eligible if they have been continuously disease-free for > 3 years prior to the time of randomization
• White blood count >= 3,000/uL (obtained within 4 weeks prior to randomization)
• Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1,500/uL (obtained within 4 weeks prior to randomization)
• Platelet count >= 100,000/uL (obtained within 4 weeks prior to randomization)
• Hemoglobin >= 9 g/dL (obtained within 4 weeks prior to randomization)
• Serum creatinine =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) or serum creatinine clearance (CrCl) >= 40 ml/min (obtained within 4 weeks prior to randomization)
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =< 3 x ULN (=< 5 x ULN for patients with documented liver metastases) (obtained within 4 weeks prior to randomization)
• Alkaline phosphatase =< 2 x ULN (=< 5 x ULN for patients with known liver involvement and =< 7 x ULN for patients with known bone involvement) (obtained within 4 weeks prior to randomization)
• Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x ULN except patients with normal direct bilirubin; those patients with known Gilbert's syndrome must have total bilirubin < 3 x ULN (obtained within 4 weeks prior to randomization)
• Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) =< 10 X ULN (obtained within 4 weeks prior to randomization)
• Patients must not have any serious or unstable pre-existing medical conditions (aside from malignancy exceptions specified above), including but not limited to, ongoing or active infection requiring parenteral antibiotics on day 1, history of bleeding diathesis or need for concurrent anticoagulation (international normalized ratio [INR] =< 1.5 and partial thromboplastin time [PTT] within 1.1 x ULN), or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements, interfere with patient's safety, or obtaining informed consent
• Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are ineligible; due to the mechanism of action of ipilimumab and GM-CSF, activity and side effects in an immune compromised patient are unknown
• Patients with evidence of active hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are not eligible; patients with cleared HBV and HCV (0 viral load) infection will be allowed
• Patients must not have autoimmune disorders or conditions of immunosuppression that require current ongoing treatment with systemic corticosteroids (or other systemic immunosuppressants), including oral steroids (e.g., prednisone, dexamethasone) or continuous use of topical steroid creams or ointments or ophthalmologic steroids; a history of occasional (but not continuous) use of steroid inhalers is allowed; replacement doses of steroids for patients with adrenal insufficiency are allowed; patients who discontinue use of these classes of medication for at least 2 weeks prior to randomization are eligible if, in the judgment of the treating physician investigator, the patient is not likely to require resumption of treatment with these classes of drugs during the study
• Exclusion from this study also includes patients with a history of symptomatic autoimmune disease (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, systemic progressive sclerosis [scleroderma], systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, autoimmune vasculitis [e.g., Wegener's granulomatosis]); motor neuropathy considered of autoimmune origin (e.g., Guillain-Barre syndrome and myasthenia gravis); other CNS autoimmune disease (e.g., multiple sclerosis)
• Patients with autoimmune hypothyroid disease or type I diabetes on replacement treatment are eligible
• Patients must not have a history of inflammatory bowel disease or diverticulitis (history of diverticulosis is allowed)
• Patients must not have other significant medical, surgical, or psychiatric conditions or require any medication or treatment that in the opinion of the investigator may interfere with compliance, make the administration of the study drugs hazardous or obscure the interpretation of adverse events (AEs), such as a condition associated with frequent diarrhea; patients must not have an active infection requiring current treatment with parenteral antibiotics

• PHASE II INCLUSION CRITERIA (COMPLETE AS OF 20-MAR-2020)
• Pathologically (histologically or cytologically) proven diagnosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) involving the oral cavity (excluding lips), oropharynx (p16 negative), larynx, or hypopharynx
• Patients must have undergone gross total surgical resection of high-risk oral cavity, oropharynx (p16 negative), larynx, or hypopharynx within 63 days prior to registration; Note: patients may have biopsy under general anesthesia in an operating room followed by definitive ablative cancer surgery representing gross total resection; the gross total resection has to be done within 63 days prior to registration; if, however, patients have ablative resection but shortly recur or are determined to have persisting disease requiring re-resection to achieve gross total resection, then the patient is not eligible
• Patients must have at least 1 of the following high-risk pathologic features: extracapsular nodal extension or invasive cancer at the primary tumor resection margin (tumor on ink)
• Pathologic stage III or IV HNSCC, including no distant metastases, based upon the following minimum diagnostic workup:
• General history and physical examination by a radiation oncologist and/or medical oncologist within 84 days prior to registration;
• Examination by an ear nose throat (ENT) or head & neck surgeon prior to surgery; a laryngopharyngoscopy (mirror and/or fiber optic and/or direct procedure), if appropriate, is recommended but not required; intra-operative examination is acceptable documentation
• Pre-operative (op) Imaging of the head and neck: A neck computed tomography (CT) (with contrast) or CT/positron emission tomography (PET) (with contrast) and/or an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the neck (T1 with gadolinium and T2) within 84 days prior to surgery; Note: this imaging data (diagnostic pre-operative scan showing gross disease) is to be submitted in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format via TRIAD; the report is to be uploaded into Rave
• Chest CT scan (with or without contrast) or CT/PET that includes the chest (with or without contrast) either within 84 days prior to surgery or within 120 days prior to registration; Note: if the CT/PET with or without contrast is done within 84 days prior to surgery, it fulfills the chest imaging requirement
• Zubrod performance status of 0-1 within 14 days prior to registration
• Age >= 18
• Absolute granulocyte count (AGC) >= 1,500 cells/mm^3 (obtained within 14 days prior to registration on study)
• Platelets >= 100,000 cells/mm^3 (obtained within 14 days prior to registration on study)
• Hemoglobin >= 8.0 g/dl (Note: the use of transfusion or other intervention to achieve hemoglobin [Hgb] >= 8.0 g/dl is acceptable)
• Total bilirubin < 2 x institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) within 14 days prior to registration
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) < 3 x institutional ULN within 14 days prior to registration
• Serum creatinine institutional ULN within 14 days prior to registration or; creatinine clearance (CC) >= 50 ml/min within 14 days prior to registration determined by 24-hour collection or estimated by Cockcroft-Gault formula
• Negative urine or serum pregnancy test within 14 days prior to registration for women of childbearing potential
• The following assessments are required within 14 days prior to registration: sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), glucose, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and albumin; Note: patients with an initial magnesium < 0.5 mmol/L (1.2 mg/dl) may receive corrective magnesium supplementation but should continue to receive either prophylactic weekly infusion of magnesium and/or oral magnesium supplementation (e.g., magnesium oxide) at the investigator's discretion
• Patients with feeding tubes are eligible for the study
• Women of childbearing potential and male participants who are sexually active must agree to use a medically effective means of birth control
• Patient must provide study specific informed consent prior to study entry, including consent for mandatory tissue submission for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) analysis and for oropharyngeal cancer patients, human papilloma virus (HPV) analysis
• PHASE III: Pathologically (histologically or cytologically) proven diagnosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) involving the oral cavity (excluding lips), oropharynx (p16 negative), larynx, or hypopharynx
• PHASE III: Patients with oropharyngeal cancer must have p16-negative based on central review prior to Step 2 registration; all patients with oropharyngeal primary must consent for mandatory tissue submission for central p16 confirmation
• PHASE III: Patients must have undergone gross total surgical resection of high-risk oral cavity, oropharynx (p16 negative), larynx, or hypopharynx within 63 days prior to registration; note: patients may have biopsy under general anesthesia in an operating room followed by definitive ablative cancer surgery representing gross total resection; the gross total resection has to be done within 63 days prior to registration; if, however, patients have ablative resection but shortly recur or are determined to have persisting disease requiring re-resection to achieve gross total resection, then the patient is not eligible
• PHASE III: Patients must have at least 1 of the following high-risk pathologic features: extracapsular nodal extension or invasive cancer at the primary tumor resection margin (tumor on ink or tumor in a final separately submitted margin)
• PHASE III: Pathologic stage III or IV HNSCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer [AJCC] 7th edition), including no distant metastases, based upon the following minimum diagnostic workup:
• General history and physical examination by a radiation oncologist or medical oncologist within 84 days prior to registration;
• Examination by an ENT or head & neck surgeon prior to surgery; a laryngopharyngoscopy (mirror or fiberoptic or direct procedure), if appropriate, is recommended but not required. Intra-operative examination is acceptable documentation.
• Pre-op Imaging of the head and neck: A neck CT (with contrast and of diagnostic quality) or PET/CT (with contrast and of diagnostic quality) and/or an MRI of the neck of diagnostic quality (T1 with gadolinium and T2) within 84 days prior to surgery; Note: this imaging data (diagnostic pre-operative scan showing gross disease) is to be submitted in DICOM format via TRIAD. The report is to be uploaded into Rave.
• Chest CT scan (with or without contrast) or PET/CT that includes the chest (with or without contrast) either within 84 days prior to surgery or within 120 days prior to registration; Note: If the PET/CT with or without contrast is done within 84 days prior to surgery, it fulfills the chest imaging requirement
• PHASE III: Zubrod performance status of 0-1 within 14 days prior to registration
• PHASE III: Leukocytes >= 2,500 cells/mm^3 (obtained within 14 days prior to registration on study)
• PHASE III: Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1,500 cells/mm^3 (obtained within 14 days prior to registration on study)
• PHASE III: Platelets >= 100,000 cells/mm^3 (obtained within 14 days prior to registration on study)
• PHASE III: Hemoglobin >= 8.0 g/dL (Note: The use of transfusion or other intervention to achieve Hgb >= 8.0 g/dL is acceptable) (obtained within 14 days prior to registration on study)
• PHASE III: Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) (however, patients with known Gilbert disease who have serum bilirubin level =< 3 x institutional ULN may be enrolled) (within 14 days prior to registration)
• PHASE III: AST or ALT =< 3 x institutional ULN (within 14 days prior to registration)
• PHASE III: Alkaline phosphatase =< 2.5 x institutional ULN (within 14 days prior to registration)
• PHASE III: Creatinine clearance (CrCl) >= 50 mL/min within 14 days prior to registration determined by 24-hour collection or estimated by Cockcroft-Gault formula
• PHASE III: Patients with feeding tubes are eligible for the study
• PHASE III: Negative urine or serum pregnancy test within 14 days prior to registration for women of childbearing potential
• PHASE III: All patients must provide study specific informed consent prior to study entry
• PHASE III: Patients positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are allowed on study, but HIV-positive patients must have:
• A stable regimen of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART);
• No requirement for concurrent antibiotics or antifungal agents for the prevention of opportunistic infections;
• A CD4 count above 250 cells/mcL and an undetectable HIV viral load on standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based tests
• PHASE II EXCLUSION CRITERIA (COMPLETE AS OF 20-MAR-2020)
• Prior invasive malignancy (except non-melanomatous skin cancer) unless disease free for a minimum of 1095 days (3 years); noninvasive cancers (for example, carcinoma in situ of the breast, oral cavity, or cervix are all permissible) are permitted even if diagnosed and treated < 3 years ago
• Patients with simultaneous primaries or bilateral tumors are excluded, with the exception of patients with bilateral tonsil cancers or patients with T1-2, N0, M0 resected differentiated thyroid carcinoma, who are eligible
• Prior systemic chemotherapy or anti-epidermal growth factor (EGF) therapy for the study cancer; note that prior chemotherapy for a different cancer is allowable
• Prior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fields
• Severe, active co-morbidity, defined as follows:
• Unstable angina and/or congestive heart failure requiring hospitalization within 6 months prior to registration
• Transmural myocardial infarction within 6 months prior to registration
• Acute bacterial or fungal infection requiring intravenous antibiotics at the time of registration
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation or other respiratory illness requiring hospitalization or precluding study therapy at the time of registration
• Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or other severe interstitial lung disease that requires oxygen therapy or is thought to require oxygen therapy within 1 year prior to registration
• Hepatic insufficiency resulting in clinical jaundice and/or coagulation defects; note, however, that laboratory tests for coagulation parameters are not required for entry into this protocol
• Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) based upon current Centers for Disease and Control and Prevention (CDC) definition; note: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing is not required for entry into this protocol; the need to exclude patients with AIDS from this protocol is necessary because the treatments involved in this protocol may be significantly immunosuppressive; protocol-specific requirements may also exclude immuno-compromised patients.
• Grade 3-4 electrolyte abnormalities (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [CTCAE], version [v.] 4):
• Serum calcium (ionized or adjusted for albumin) < 7 mg/dl (1.75 mmol/L) or > 12.5 mg/dl (> 3.1 mmol/L) despite intervention to normalize levels
• Glucose < 40 mg/dl (< 2.2 mmol/L) or > 250 mg/dl (> 14 mmol/L)
• Magnesium < 0.9 mg/dl (< 0.4 mmol/L) or > 3 mg/dl (> 1.23 mmol/L) despite intervention to normalize levels
• Potassium < 3.0 mmol/L or > 6 mmol/L despite intervention to normalize levels
• Sodium < 130 mmol/L or > 155 mmol/L despite intervention to normalize levels
• Pregnancy or women of childbearing potential and men who are sexually active and not willing/able to use medically acceptable forms of contraception; this exclusion is necessary because the treatment involved in this study may be significantly teratogenic
• Prior allergic reaction to cetuximab
• PHASE III: Prior invasive malignancy (except non-melanomatous skin cancer) unless disease free for a minimum of 1095 days (3 years) with the following exceptions: T1-2, N0, M0 resected differentiated thyroid carcinoma; Note that noninvasive cancers (For example, carcinoma in situ of the breast, oral cavity, or cervix) are permitted even if diagnosed and treated < 3 years ago
• PHASE III: Patients with simultaneous primaries or bilateral tumors are excluded, with the exception of patients with bilateral tonsil cancers or patients with T1-2, N0, M0 resected differentiated thyroid carcinoma, who are eligible
• PHASE III: Prior systemic therapy, including cytotoxic chemotherapy, biologic/targeted therapy (such as anti-EGF therapy), or immune therapy for the study cancer; note that prior chemotherapy for a different cancer is allowable, however, a prior anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, or anti-PD-L2 agent is not permitted
• PHASE III: Prior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fields
• PHASE III: Severe, active co-morbidity, defined as follows:
• Patients with known history or current symptoms of cardiac disease, or history of treatment with cardiotoxic agents, should have a clinical risk assessment of cardiac function using the New York Heart Association Functional Classification; to be eligible for this trial, patients should be class 2B or better within 6 months prior to registration
• Transmural myocardial infarction within 6 months prior to registration;
• Severe infections within 4 weeks prior to registration including, but not limited to, hospitalization for complications of infection, bacteremia, or severe pneumonia;
• Acute bacterial or fungal infection requiring intravenous antibiotics at the time of registration; Note: Patients receiving prophylactic antibiotics (e.g., for prevention of a urinary tract infection or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation) are eligible.
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation or other respiratory illness requiring hospitalization or precluding study therapy at the time of registration;
• History of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonitis (including drug induced), organizing pneumonia (i.e., bronchiolitis obliterans, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, etc.), or evidence of active pneumonitis on screening chest computed tomography (CT) scan. History of radiation pneumonitis in a prior radiation field (fibrosis) is permitted, provided that field does not overlap with the planned radiation field for the study cancer;
• Patients with active tuberculosis (TB) are excluded;
• Known clinically significant liver disease, including active viral, alcoholic, or other hepatitis; cirrhosis; fatty liver; and inherited liver disease;
• Patients with past or resolved hepatitis B infection (defined as having a negative hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] test and a positive anti-HBc [antibody to hepatitis B core antigen] antibody test) are eligible.
• Patients positive for hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody are eligible only if polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is negative for HCV RNA.
• History of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation or solid organ transplantation.
• A diagnosis of immunodeficiency:
• Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) based upon current CDC definition; note: HIV testing is not required for entry into this protocol; the need to exclude patients with AIDS from this protocol is necessary because the treatments involved in this protocol may be significantly immunosuppressive.
• Is receiving treatment with systemic immunosuppressive medications (including, but not limited to, prednisone, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, methotrexate, thalidomide, and anti-tumor necrosis factor [anti-TNF] agents) within 2 weeks prior to registration.
• Note: Patients who have received acute, low dose, systemic immunosuppressant medications (e.g., a one-time dose of dexamethasone for nausea) may be enrolled.
• Note: The use of inhaled corticosteroids and mineralocorticoids (e.g., fludrocortisone) for patients with orthostatic hypotension or adrenocortical insufficiency is allowed.
• History or risk of autoimmune disease, including, but not limited to, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, vascular thrombosis associated with antiphospholipid syndrome, Wegener's granulomatosis, Sjogren's syndrome, Guillain-Barré syndrome, multiple sclerosis, vasculitis, or glomerulonephritis.
• Patients with a history of autoimmune hypothyroidism who are asymptomatic and/or are on a stable dose of thyroid replacement hormone are eligible.
• Patients with controlled Type 1 diabetes mellitus on a stable insulin regimen are eligible.
• Patients with eczema, psoriasis, lichen simplex chronicus, or vitiligo with dermatologic manifestations only (e.g., patients with psoriatic arthritis would be excluded) are permitted provided that they meet the following conditions:
• Patients with psoriasis must have a baseline ophthalmologic exam to rule out ocular manifestations
• Rash must cover less than 10% of body surface area (BSA)
• Disease is well controlled at baseline and only requiring low potency topical steroids (e.g., hydrocortisone 2.5%, hydrocortisone butyrate 0.1%, flucinolone 0.01%, desonide 0.05%, aclometasone dipropionate 0.05%)
• No acute exacerbations of underlying condition within the last 12 months (not requiring psoralen plus ultraviolet A radiation [PUVA], methotrexate, retinoids, biologic agents, oral calcineurin inhibitors; high potency or oral steroids)
• PHASE III: Grade 3-4 electrolyte abnormalities (CTCAE, v. 4) within 14 days prior to registration:
• Serum calcium (ionized or adjusted for albumin) < 7 mg/dL (1.75 mmol/L) or > 12.5 mg/dL (> 3.1 mmol/L) despite intervention to normalize levels;
• Glucose < 40 mg/dL (< 2.2 mmol/L) or > 250 mg/dL (> 14 mmol/L);
• Magnesium < 0.9 mg/dL (< 0.4 mmol/L) or > 3 mg/dL (> 1.23 mmol/L) despite intervention to normalize levels;
• Potassium < 3.0 mmol/L or > 6 mmol/L despite intervention to normalize levels;
• Sodium < 130 mmol/L or > 155 mmol/L despite intervention to normalize levels.
• PHASE III: Pregnancy or women of childbearing potential and men who are sexually active and not willing/able to use medically acceptable forms of contraception for up to 5 months from last study treatment; this exclusion is necessary because the treatment involved in this study may be significantly teratogenic. Women who are breastfeeding and unwilling to discontinue are also excluded
• PHASE III: History of severe allergic, anaphylactic, or other hypersensitivity reactions to chimeric or humanized antibodies or fusion proteins
• PHASE III: Patients taking bisphosphonate therapy for symptomatic hypercalcemia. Use of bisphosphonate therapy for other non-oncologic reasons (e.g., osteoporosis) is allowed
• PHASE III: Patients requiring treatment with a RANKL inhibitor (e.g. denosumab) for non-oncologic reasons who cannot discontinue it before registration
• PHASE III: Patients with known distant metastatic disease are excluded
• PHASE III: Known hypersensitivity to Chinese hamster ovary cell products or other recombinant human antibodies
• PHASE III: Major surgical procedure within 28 days prior to registration or anticipation of need for a major surgical procedure during the course of the study
• PHASE III: Administration of a live, attenuated vaccine within 4 weeks prior to registration or anticipation that such a live, attenuated vaccine will be required during the study and for patients receiving atezolizumab, up to 5 months after the last dose of atezolizumab.
• Influenza vaccination should be given during influenza season only (approximately October to March). Patients must not r

1. Onset of rheumatic disease prior to age 16 years for JIA and onset prior to age 19 years for all other rheumatic diseases (see appendix A). 2. Subject (and/or parent/legal guardian when required) is able to provide written informed consent and willing to comply with study procedures. 3. Subject and/or parent/legal guardian is willing to be contacted in the future by study staff. 1. Greater than 21 years of age at the time of enrollment.

• Participant Inclusion Criteria (Part 1
•Longitudinal Analysis)
• CGD Patients Undergoing Transplant 1995 to Present with Birth Year In or After 1988 1. CGD Patients will be Defined by both Defective Neutrophil NADPH Oxidase Function and by Clinical History Consistent with CGD Patients must have both of: A functional assay demonstrating abnormal NADPH oxidase function (see A below); AND Clinical history consistent with CGD (see B below). ************************************************************************* Patients must have both "A" and "B": A. Function: Assays of NADPH Oxidase Function I. Dihydrorhodamine (DHR) Assay:
• Blood sample was obtained at a time when patient was clinically stable and not critically ill, with control samples performed simultaneously indicating a qualified assay; and
• Assay unequivocally demonstrates CGD with an stimulation index (SI) SI < 35 or equivalent. Assay report, including mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) from unstimulated and stimulated samples and gating strategy, must be de-identified and provided. OR II. Nitroblue Tetrazolium Oxidation Test (NBT): o Diagnostic of CGD (reported as reduced granulocyte oxidative response). Report must be de-identified and provided. AND B. Clinical History: One or More of the Following:
• Severe and/or recurrent infection (liver, perirectal or lung abscess; pneumonia; adenitis; or osteomyelitis) due to, for example, Staphylococcus aureus, Burkholderia sp, Serratia marcescens, non-albicans Candida sp, Aspergillus sp or other mold; or Nocardia sp or other deep tissue infection characteristic of CGD
• Sterile granulomatous disease in respiratory, gastrointestinal or urogenital tracts; or Crohn's disease-like colitis
• A family history consistent with either X-linked or autosomal recessive CGD In cases where either functional assay (A) or history (B) is equivocal, one or more of the following may be used to confirm a diagnosis of CGD: C. Absent or significantly reduced in expression or abnormal size of any of the 5 phox components (gp91 phox, p47 phox, p22 phox, p67phox, and p40phox) of NADPH oxidase, by either:
• Western blot
• Northern blot OR D. Mutation in a gene encoding one of the 5 phox components (gp91 phox, p47 phox, p22 phox, p67 phox, and p40 phox) of NADPH oxidase that is predictive of a decreased or absent oxidative burst. (Nonsense, frameshift, or previously described missense mutation associated with CGD). Molecular Diagnosis is Desirable In addition, molecular diagnosis (gene sequencing and expression analysis) of CGD is desirable and should be performed when possible. 2. Further Characterization of Oxidase Level, Longitudinal Study, Prospective Cohort Patients who are to undergo transplantation during the study period must be further characterized as oxidase-null or oxidase positive by level of oxidase production by either:
• DHR assay stimulation Index: where SI ≤ 2.5 will be classified as oxidase-null CGD. Those with SI > 2.5 will be classified as oxidase positive CGD. A single validated test that is accepted by the PID-CGD Review Panel is adequate, but testing on two occasions for validation is desirable. OR
• Ferricytochrome C reduction assay of granulocytes with O2 < 2.3 nmoles /106 cells/h classified as oxidase-null CGD. A single validated test that is accepted by the PID-CGD Review Panel is adequate, but testing on two occasions for validation is desirable. OR o Genetic sequencing reporting a mutation that is unequivocally associated to absent oxidase production. (e.g. null mutations) will be classified as oxidase-null CGD (See discussion in Appendix I for how family history, genotype and CGD mutation information will be applied to assigning patients lacking any quantitative oxidase activity measurements to residual oxidase-null or residual oxidase-positive groups). 3. Longitudinal Study, Retrospective Cohort Patients who have already been transplanted will be included regardless of whether further characterization by oxidase level (or genotype/mutation data) is possible or not.
• Non-Transplanted CGD Patients with Birth Year In or After 1988 A non-transplant (conventional therapy) group of CGD subjects will be enrolled in the longitudinal study. The non-transplant subjects will be selected from the potentially eligible (retrospective) patient cohort with diagnosis of CGD treated with conventional non-transplant therapy. Participating sites will enter their entire retrospective cohort of CGD patients having birth year in or after 1988 into the registration cohort for this protocol. Baseline for both non-transplant subjects and HCT subjects for the purpose of comparing survival will be the year of birth. However, for non-transplant subjects, many of the detailed analyses such as infection and autoimmune complication rates will be assessed in the year preceding the date of last contact.
• Participant Inclusion Criteria (Part 2
•Cross-Sectional Analysis) To participate in the Cross-Sectional Analysis, patients must have previously been enrolled into the Longitudinal Analysis of Protocol 6903. All transplanted subjects in the Cross-Sectional Analysis are surviving and shall have at least 3 years of follow-up post-transplant to be included. Non-transplanted CGD subjects will become eligible for consideration for the Cross-Sectional Analysis if they were eligible and enrolled in the retrospective cohort of the Longitudinal Analysis, and if/when they are > 3 years post-diagnosis of CGD. Provision of written informed consent will be required for inclusion in the Cross-Sectional Analysis.
• Participant Exclusion Criteria (Longitudinal and Cross- Sectional Analyses)
• Presence of other primary immunodeficiency syndromes that do not meet the clinical and laboratory criteria for CGD.
• Rac2 Deficiency
• Myeloperoxidase Deficiency (MPO Deficiency)
• Glutathione deficiency
• Leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome
• Non-transplant subjects:
• The above exclusions pertain.
• In addition, non-transplant subjects will be excluded if the only assessment of oxidase function available is the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test (a non-quantitative test).

• WAS participants will be defined as males who have: 1. thrombocytopenia (< 100K) AND EITHER molecular diagnosis of WAS OR reduced WASP expression; OR 2. thrombocytopenia (< 100K) AND positive family history consistent with WAS diagnosis; OR 3. chronic thrombocytopenia (< 100K for minimum of 3 months) AND low mean platelet volume (MPV below normal range for age) AND EITHER recurrent and/or severe infections requiring treatment and/or eczema OR lack of antibody response to polysaccharide antigens or low IgM.
• Longitudinal Analysis (Retrospective and Prospective) 1. Stratum A. Participants with WAS who have or will Receive HCT
• Participants with WAS who have received an HCT since January 1, 1990 2. Stratum B. Participants with WAS who have or will Receive Gene Transfer
• Participants in which the intention is to treat with gene transfer with autologous modified cells
• Cross-Sectional Analysis (Strata A and B) 1. Participants with WAS who are surviving and at least 2 years after the most recent HCT or gene therapy.
• As this is a natural history study, for both the Longitudinal Analysis and the Cross-Sectional Analysis we will not exclude any patients due to race or age who fit the inclusion criteria.

• Stratum I
• Patients must be less than 18 years of age at the time of diagnosis.
• Patients must have histological verification of the diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis according to the criteria described in Section 6.1
• Signed informed consent form
• Stratum II
• Patients of Stratum I who have:
• Progressive disease (AD worse) in non-risk organs after 6 weeks (Initial Course
• AD intermediate or worse in non-risk organs or AD better in risk organs after 12 weeks (Initial Course 2)
• Disease progression (AD worse) in non-risk organs at any time during continuation treatment
• Active disease at the end of Stratum I treatment
• Disease reactivation in non-risk organs at any time after completion of Stratum I treatment
• Stratum III
• Patients from Stratum I who fulfill the following criteria:
• AD worse in risk organs after week 6 (after Initial Course 1), or AD worse or AD intermediate in risk organs after week 12 (after Initial Course 2).
• Presence of unequivocally severe organ dysfunction at the above mentioned evaluation points (hematological dysfunction, liver dysfunction, or both of them) as
• Hb <70 g/L (<7.0 g/dl) and/or transfusion dependency
• PLT <20 x109/L (20,000/μL) and/or transfusion dependency (both criteria have to be fulfilled) AND/OR
• Liver dysfunction (or digestive involvement with protein loss)
• Total protein <55 g/L or substitution dependency
• Albumin <25 g/L or substitution dependency (at least one of the two criteria to be fulfilled)
• Stratum IV
• Patients from Stratum I or Stratum III who fulfill the following criteria:
• AD worse in risk organs after week 6 (after Initial Course 1), or AD worse or AD intermediate in risk organs after week 12 (after Initial Course 2) of Stratum I OR
• AD worse after the 2nd and 3rd 2-CdA/Ara-C course, and those AD worse or AD intermediate after the 4th 2-CdA/Ara-C course of Stratum III AND
• Presence of unequivocally severe organ dysfunction at the above mentioned evaluation points (hematological dysfunction, liver dysfunction, or both of them) as defined in Table XI (see Section 10.3.1).
• Informed consent: All patients or their legal guardians (if the patient is <18 years of age) must sign an Ethics or institutional Review Board approved consent form indicating their awareness of the investigational nature and the risks of this study. When appropriate, younger patients will be included in all discussions in order to obtain assent.
• Adequate organ function: Patients should have adequate hepatic, renal, cardiac and pulmonary function to undergo reduced intensity HCT based upon local institutional guidelines, or at a minimum meet requirements noted in eligibility checklist Appendix A-VIII_1. However, significant hepatic and pulmonary dysfunction, if secondary to underlying LCH disease activity, will not exclude patients from protocol enrollment and should be discussed with the National PI Coordinator and the Coordinating Principal Investigator.
• Stratum V
• All patients with verified diagnosis of LCH and MRI findings consistent with ND-CNSLCH irrespective of previous treatments (also those not registered to other Strata ofLCH-IV).
• Patients with isolated tumorous CNS-LCH (including isolated DI with mass lesion in the hypothalamus-pituitary axis). In patients with already established diagnosis of LCH and radiologic finding of CNS lesions compatible with LCH, a biopsy of the lesion is not obligatory. In all other cases a biopsy of the lesion is needed for inclusion into the study
• Stratum VI -- Patients with newly diagnosed SS-LCH and localization other than "multifocal bone",isolated tumorous CNS lesion, or isolated "CNS-risk" lesion.
• Stratum VII -- All patients registered in LCH IV (regardless of treatment) as long as consent for longterm follow-up has not been withheld.
• Stratum I
• Pregnancy (patients of child-bearing age must be appropriately tested before chemotherapy)
• LCH-related permanent consequences (e.g. vertebra plana, sclerosing cholangitis, lung fibrosis, etc.) in the absence of active disease
• Prior systemic therapy
• Stratum II
• Patients with progressive disease in risk organs
• Permanent consequences (e.g. sclerosing cholangitis, lung fibrosis, etc.) without evidence of active LCH in the same organ or in any other locations
• No written consent of the patient or his/her parents or legal guardian
• Stratum III
• The presence of any of the following criteria will exclude the patient from the study:
• Isolated sclerosing cholangitis without evidence of active hepatic LCH as the only evidence of risk organ involvement.
• Inadequate renal function as defined by serum creatinine > 3x normal for age
• Stratum IV
• Pulmonary failure (requiring mechanical ventilation) not due to active LCH.
• Isolated liver sclerosis or pulmonary fibrosis, without active LCH.
• Uncontrolled active life-threatening infection.
• Decreased renal function with a GFR of less than 50ml/1.73m2/min.
• Pregnancy or active breast feeding
• Failure to provide signed informed consent
• Stratum VI
• Patients with SS-LCH who have an isolated tumorous CNS lesion (they are eligible for Stratum V),
• Patients with isolated "CNS-risk" or multifocal bone lesions (they are eligible for Stratum I, Group 2)

• Patients with the first occurrence of any tumor of the kidney identified on CT scan or MRI are eligible for this study; histologic diagnosis is not required prior to enrollment but is required for all patients once on study
• Eligible tumors include (but are not limited to):
• Nephroblastic tumors
• Nephroblastoma (Wilms' tumor) (favorable histology, anaplasia [diffuse, focal])
• Nephrogenic rests and nephroblastomatosis
• Cystic nephroma and cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma
• Metanephric tumors (metanephric adenoma, metanephric adenofibroma, metanephric stromal tumor)
• Mesoblastic nephroma (cellular, classic, mixed)
• Clear cell sarcoma
• Rhabdoid tumor (any malignant rhabdoid tumor occurring outside the central nervous system [CNS])
• Renal epithelioid tumors of childhood (papillary renal cell carcinoma, medullary renal cell carcinoma, renal tumors associated with Xp11.2 translocations, oncocytic renal neoplasms after neuroblastoma)
• Angiolipoma
• Ossifying renal tumor of infancy
• Patients with the first occurrence of the following tumors are also eligible:
• Extrarenal nephroblastoma or extrarenal neprogenic rests
• Malignant rhabdoid tumor occurring anywhere outside the central nervous system
• Required specimens, reports, forms, and copies of imaging studies must be available or will become available for submission and the institution must intend on submitting them as described in the protocol procedures
• For ALL patients, (with exception of bilateral, bilaterally predisposed, multicentric, or unilateral tumor in solitary kidney planning to enroll without biopsy***), the following submissions are required:
• A complete set of recut hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) slides (including from sampled lymph nodes, if patient had upfront nephrectomy)
• * Tissue must be from diagnosis, prior to any renal tumor directed chemotherapy or radiation (only exception is for presumed favorable histology Wilms tumor [FHWT] patients discovered to have diffuse anaplastic Wilms tumor [DAWT] at delayed nephrectomy and plan to enroll at delayed nephrectomy)
• Representative formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue block or if a block is unavailable, 10 unstained slides from a representative block of tumor, if available.
• Tissue must be from diagnosis, prior to any renal tumor directed chemotherapy or radiation (only exception is for presumed FHWT patients discovered to have DAWT at delayed nephrectomy and plan to enroll at delayed nephrectomy)
• Institutional pathology report, Specimen Transmittal Form, and Pre-Treatment Pathology Checklist
• Copies of images and institutional reports of CT and/or MRI abdomen and pelvis, and Pre Treatment Imaging Checklist
• Copies of images and institutional report of chest CT for all malignant tumors
• Institutional surgical report(s) and Pre-Treatment Surgical Checklist
• CRFs: Staging Checklist and Metastatic Disease Form (if metastatic disease is noted on imaging)
• Patients with bilateral, bilaterally predisposed, multicentric, or unilateral tumor in solitary kidney planning to enroll without biopsy via imaging only
•these patients will not have central review or have a risk assignment issued, but may contribute to specimen banking for future research. However, if biopsy is done, tissue must be submitted as for other renal tumors, and initial risk assignment will require pathology and surgical rapid central reviews. The Specimen Transmittal Form and Pre Treatment Pathology Checklist are also needed.
• Please note: if the above required items are not received within 120 days of study enrollment, the patient will be considered off study
• All patients and/or their parents or legal guardians must sign a written informed consent
• All institutional, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and National Cancer Institute (NCI) requirements for human studies must be met

Strata A, B, and C (Part 1
•Retrospective Study)-
• Individuals with Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (SCID) diagnosis who: --were treated at a location participating in this consortium from 1968 until present, and --are not enrolled in RDCRN PIDTC-6901 (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01186913).
• Subjects who received HCT/GT/ERT prior to the present date are eligible for the retrospective study. The enrollment criteria for subjects who died prior to definitive therapy are the same as for Strata A, B and C. Stratum A, Typical SCID:
• Individuals who meet the following inclusion criteria and who received HCT are eligible for enrollment into Stratum A of the study:
• Absence or very low number of T cells (CD3 T cells < 300/microliter), and no or very low T cell function (< 10% of lower limit of normal) as measured by response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or cells of maternal origin present.
• If maternal cells are present but the patient does not meet criteria for very low T cell function as defined, the assigned reviewers for the potential subject, and if necessary, the full PID-SCID RP will review the laboratory report to determine if criteria of maternal engraftment are met for Protocol 6902.
• Laboratory report of testing for maternal engraftment is required, for evaluation by the PID-SCID RP. Stratum B, Leaky SCID, Omenn Syndrome, Reticular Dysgenesis: Individuals who meet the following criteria are eligible for enrollment into Stratum B of the study: Leaky SCID-
• Maternal lymphocytes tested for and not detected and,
• Either one or both of the following (a,b): a) < 50% of lower limit of normal T cell function (as measured by response to PHA OR < 50% of lower limit of normal T cell function as measured by response to CD3/CD28 antibody, b) Absent or < 30% lower limit of normal proliferative responses to candida and tetanus toxoid antigens postvaccination or exposure,
• AND at least one of the following (a through e): 1. Reduced number of CD3 T cells, 2. > 80% of CD3+ or CD4 T cells are CD45RO+,
• AND/OR >80% of CD3+ or CD4+ T cells are,CD62L negative,
• AND/OR >50% of CD3+ or CD4+ T cells express HLA-DR (at < 4 years of age),
• AND/OR are oligoclonal T cells. c) Hypomorphic mutation in IL2RG in a male, or homozygous hypomorphic mutation or compound heterozygosity with at least one hypomorphic mutation in an autosomal SCID-causing gene. d) Low TRECs and/or the percentage of CD4+/45RA+/CD31+ or CD4+/45RA+/CD62L+ cells is below the lower limit of normal. e) Functional testing in vitro supporting impaired, but not absent, activity of the mutant protein,
• AND does not meet criteria for Omenn Syndrome,
• AND does not have known selective loss of lymphocytes, Ataxia- Telangiectasia, or congenital heart defect associated with lymphopenia, unless a SCID genotype is also present. Omenn Syndrome (OS):
• Generalized skin rash,
• Maternal engraftment tested for and not detected,
• Absent or low (up to 30% of normal) T cell proliferation to antigens to which the patient has been exposed.
• If the proliferation to antigen was not performed, but at least 4 of the following 10 supportive criteria, at least one of which must be among those marked with an asterisk (*) are present, the patient is eligible: hepatomegaly; splenomegaly; lymphadenopathy; elevated IgE; elevated absolute eosinophil count; *oligoclonal T cells measured by CDR3 length or flow cytometry >80% of CD4+ T cells are CD45RO+ ;*proliferation to PHA is reduced <50% of lower limit of normal or SI <30; *proliferative response in mixed leukocyte reaction is reduced to increment cpm < 20% or SI <20; hypomorphic mutation to SCID causing gene; low TRECs and/or percentage of CD 4+/ RA+/CD31+; or CD4+/RA+/CD62L+ cells below the lower limit of normal. Reticular Dysgenesis (RD):
• Absence or very low number of T cells (CD3 T cells <300/microliter),
• No or very low (<10% of lower limit of normal) T cell function (as measured by response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA),
• Severe congenital neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count <200/microliter),
• AND at least one of the following:
• Sensorineural deafness and/or absence of granulopoiesis at bone marrow examination and/or a deleterious AK2 mutation,
• absence of granulopoiesis on bone marrow examination; a pathogenic mutation in the adenylate kinase 2 (AK2) gene identified. Stratum C, SCID with Non-HCT Treatments: -Individuals who meet the following criteria and were treated with PEG-ADA or gene therapy with autologous modified cells are eligible for enrollment into Stratum C (SCID with non-HCT treatments) of the study-
•Any SCID patient previously treated with a thymus transplant (includes intention to treat with HCT, as well as PEG-ADA ERT or gene therapy). Strata A, B, and C (Part 2
•Cross-Sectional Study): Patient inclusion criteria for the cross sectional study: Eligibility for Strata A, B and C are the same as for the retrospective study except that all the patients in the cross-sectional study are currently surviving and are at least 2 years post the most recent class of therapy. Parts 1 and 2
•Retrospective and Cross-Sectional Studies -
• Lack of appropriate testing to rule out HIV infection after 1997 (p24 antigen or more sensitive) or other cause of secondary immunodeficiency,
• Presence of DiGeorge syndrome,
• Most patients with other PIDs such as nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency, ZAP70 deficiency, CD40 ligand deficiency, NEMO deficiency, XLP, cartilage hair hypoplasia or ataxia telangiectasia will not meet the inclusion criteria for Stratum A, B, or C above; however, a patient with one of the above may meet the inclusion criteria for Stratum B and if so will be included-
• MHC Class I and MHC Class II antigen deficiency are excluded,
• Metabolic conditions that imitate SCID or related disorders such as folate transporter deficiency, severe zinc deficiency, transcobalamin deficiency.

INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Diagnosis: Refractory or relapsed neuroblastoma with original diagnosis based on tumor histopathology or elevated urine catecholamines with typical tumor cells in the bone marrow, OR pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma (less than 12 years of age) not amenable to curative surgery. 2. Age ≥12 months and able to cooperate with radiation safety restrictions during therapy period with/without pharmacologic anxiolysis. 3. Disease status: Failure to respond to standard therapy (usually combination chemotherapy with or without radiation and surgery) or development of progressive disease at any time (any new lesion or an increase in size of >25% of a pre-existing lesion). Disease evaluation must be completed within 8 weeks of study entry. If possible, the disease evaluation should take place subsequent to any intervening therapy; if intervening therapy does occur, evaluations should be done as clinically indicated. If patient has received prior treatment with MIBG, they must have a response or stable disease after the most recent MIBG infusion. Patient may have PD after showing an initial response to MIBG therapy (at [or around] the day 35-63 post-MIBG therapy evaluation). 4. Stem cells: Patients must have a hematopoietic stem cell product available for re-infusion after 131I-MIBG treatment at doses of 12 mCi/kg. If no stem cells are available, then the dose of 131I-MIBG should be <12 mCi/kg. 5. Prior Therapy: Patients may enter this study with or without re-induction therapy for recurrent tumor. Patients must have fully recovered from the toxic effects of any prior therapy, meeting the following criteria: 1. At least 2 weeks should have elapsed since any anti-tumor therapy and the patient must meet certain hematologic criteria. 2. 3 months should have elapsed in the case of completing external beam radiation for total abdominal, whole lung, total body irradiation (spot irradiation to skull-based metastases is NOT a contraindication). Patients who receive localized emergency radiation to sites of life-threatening or function-threatening disease prior to or immediately after establishment of the definitive diagnosis are not contraindicated for treatment on this protocol. 3. Cytokine therapy (e.g. G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-6, erythropoietin) must be discontinued a minimum of 24 hours prior to 131I-MIBG therapy. 4. Minimum of six weeks from previous 131I-MIBG therapy. 5. The lifetime cumulative injected activity should be evaluated by the Investigator on a case-by-case basis with special attention to any recovery from past 131I-MIBG dose(s). 6. For patients who received a stem cell infusion for a previous 131I-MIBG therapy but do NOT have remaining stored stem cells: i. If the stem cell reinfusion was protocol driven but not based upon the development of profound cytopenias (e.g. automatic stem cell reinfusion on Day 14), the patient is eligible for retreatment with MIBG at a dose <12 mCi/kg at the investigators discretion; ii. If the stem cell reinfusion was given based upon the development of profound cytopenias, decisions for re-treatment with 131I-MIBG will require a case-by-case evaluation by the Investigator. 6. Organ Function: 1. Liver function: Bilirubin ≤ 2x upper limit of normal; AST/ALT ≤ 10x upper limit of normal. 2. Kidney function: i. Serum Creatinine ≤ 2x upper limit of normal OR ii. 24-hr creatinine clearance OR GFR ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73m2. c. Hematologic Criteria: ANC ≥750/uL; Platelets ≥ 50,000/uL without transfusion if stem cells are not available (ANC ≥ 500 and any platelet count allowed if stem cells available). Patient must be off myeloid growth factors for at least 24 hours. If the patient has received prior treatment with MIBG, they may be thrombocytopenic, but requiring no more than 2 platelet transfusions per week to maintain counts above 20,000/uL. Hemoglobin must be ≥ 10gm/dL (transfusion allowed) regardless of stored stem cell availability. d. Normal lung function, as manifested by no dyspnea at rest or exercise intolerance, no oxygen requirement. e. No clinically significant cardiac dysfunction. 7. Signed informed consent/assent has been obtained. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Patients 12 years and older with iobenguane scan positive, unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma and marketed product is available. 2. Patients eligible for the Phase II (OPTIMUM) trial. 3. Patients with disease of any major organ system that would compromise their ability to withstand therapy. Any significant organ impairment should be discussed with the Principal Investigator prior to patient entry. 4. Because of the teratogenic potential of the study medications, no patients who are pregnant or lactating will be allowed. Patients of childbearing potential, who are sexually active, must practice an effective method of birth control while participating on this study, to avoid possible damage to the fetus . [e.g. intrauterine device, double-barrier method (i.e., diaphragm, or a cervical cap) with intravaginal spermicidal foam, cream or gel], or male partner sterilization throughout the study]. 5. Patients who are on hemodialysis 6. Proteinuria, in the absence of urinary infection, within 4 weeks prior to the planned treatment date is a relative contraindication to receiving therapy for patients with pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma. Patients with pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma with any clinically significant proteinuria must have a 24-hr urine protein determination. If proteinuria is confirmed as being above the institutional upper limit of normal, the patient is ineligible for MIBG therapy. 7. Patients with active infections that meet grade 3-4 according to the current version of the NCI CTCAE. 8. Patients with known MIBG-avid parenchymal brain metastases are not eligible. (Patients with leptomeningeal or skull-based metastases are eligible.)

• ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
•CASES
• Diagnosis of primary cancer at age 21 or younger, irrespective of current age
• No prior history of allogeneic (non-autologous) hematopoietic cell transplant
• Development of one of the following key adverse events at any time following initiation of cancer therapy:
• Cardiac dysfunction; please note: case enrollment has been closed due to achievement of target accrual
• Ischemic stroke (IS)
• Subsequent malignant neoplasm (SMN)
• Avascular necrosis (AVN); please note: case enrollment has been closed due to achievement of target accrual
• Submission of a blood specimen (or in certain cases a saliva specimen) to the Coordinating Center at the University of Alabama at Birmingham as per the requirements; please note: if a patient is currently receiving active cancer treatment, it is preferable to obtain the blood sample at a time when the patient's white blood cell (WBC) is > 2,000
• Written informed consent from the patient and/or the patient's legally authorized guardian
• In active follow up by a COG institution; active follow up will be defined as date of last visit or contact by a COG institution within the past 24 months; any type of contact, including contact specifically for participation in ALTE03N1, qualifies as active follow-up; please note: treatment on a COG (or legacy group) therapeutic protocol for the primary cancer is NOT required
• ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
•CONTROLS
• CONTROL: Diagnosis of primary cancer at age 21 or younger, irrespective of current age
• CONTROLS: No prior history of allogeneic (non-autologous) hematopoietic cell transplant
• CONTROLS: No clinical evidence of any of the following key adverse events:
• Cardiac dysfunction (CD); please note: if a patient is currently receiving active cancer treatment, it is preferable to obtain the blood sample at a time when the patient's WBC is > 2,000
• Ischemic stroke (IS)
• Avascular necrosis (AVN)
• Subsequent malignant neoplasm (SMN)
• CONTROLS: Submission of a blood specimen (or in certain cases a saliva specimen) to the Coordinating Center Laboratory at the University of Alabama at Birmingham as per the requirements
• CONTROLS: Written informed consent from the patient and/or the patient's legally authorized guardian
• CONTROLS: In active follow up by a COG institution; active follow up will be defined as date of last visit or contact by a COG institution within the past 24 months; any type of contact, including contact specifically for participation in ALTE03N1, qualifies as active follow-up; please note: treatment on a COG (or legacy group) therapeutic protocol for the primary cancer is NOT required

• Participant must be 18 years of age inclusive or older, at the time of signing the informed consent.
• Participants must have histologically or cytologically confirmed diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma (MM), as defined by the IMWG.
• Participants having at least 3 prior lines of prior anti-myeloma treatments including an immunomodulating agent (IMID) a proteasome inhibitor (PI) and an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody.
• Participants with a history of autologous stem cell transplant are eligible for study participation when, transplant was >100 days prior to study enrolment and with no active infection(s).
• Participants with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-1, unless ECOG less than equal to (<=)2 is due solely to skeletal complications and/or skeletal pain due to MM.
• Participants with measurable disease defined as at least one of the following: Serum M-protein greater than equal to (>=)0.5 gram per deciliter (>=5 gram per liter) or Urine M-protein >=200 milligrams (mg) per 24 hours or Serum free light chain (FLC) assay: Involved FLC level >=10 mg per deciliter (>=100 mg per Liter) and an abnormal serum FLC ratio (<0.26 or >1.65).
• Participants who have tested positive for Hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) can be enrolled if the following criteria are met: Serology result HBcAb+, Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-; HBV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) undetectable during screening.
• Participants who are currently receiving physiological doses oral steroids (<10 mg/day), inhaled steroids or ophthalmalogical steroids. Inclusion Criteria Specific to Sub-study 6,7, and 8:
• Participants with contraception requirements specific to Sub-study 6, 7, and 8 respectively.
• Participants with platelets value for Adequate Organ System Function is ≥75 × 10^9/L. Inclusion Criteria Specific to Sub-study 8:
•In Japan, participants should reside in Japan and be Japanese as defined by having all biological Japanese grandparents. Similarly, in China, subjects should reside in China and be Chinese as defined by having all biological Chinese grandparents.
• Participants with current corneal epithelial disease except mild punctate keratopathy.
• Participants with evidence of cardiovascular risk.
• Participants with known immediate or delayed hypersensitivity reaction or idiosyncrasy to drugs chemically related to belantamab mafodotin or any of the components of the study treatment. History of severe hypersensitivity to other mAb.
• Participants with active infection requiring antibiotic, antiviral, or antifungal treatment.
• Participants with other monoclonal antibodies within 30 days or systemic anti-myeloma therapy within <14 days.
• Participants with prior radiotherapy within 2 weeks of start of study therapy.
• Participants with prior allogeneic transplant are prohibited.
• Participants who have received prior Chimeric Antigen T cell therapy (CAR-T) therapy with lymphodepletion with chemotherapy within 3 months of screening.
• Participants with any major surgery (other than bone-stabilizing surgery) within the last 30 days.
• Participants with prior treatment with an investigational agent within 14 days or 5 half-lives of receiving the first dose of study drugs, whichever is shorter.
• Participants with >=grade 3 toxicity considered related to prior check-point inhibitors and that led to treatment discontinuation.
• Participants who have received transfusion of blood products within 2 weeks before the first dose of study drug.
• Participants must not receive live attenuated vaccines within 30 days prior to first dose of study treatment or whilst receiving belantamab mafodotin +- partner agent in any sub-study arm of the platform trial and for at least 70 days following last study treatment.
• Participants with presence of active renal condition (infection, requirement for dialysis or any other condition that could affect participant's safety). Participants with isolated proteinuria resulting from MM.
• Participants with known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, unless the participant can meet all criteria: a) established anti-retroviral therapy for at least 4 weeks and HIV viral load<400 copies/milliliter (mL) b) cluster of differentiation 4 plus (CD4+) T-cell (CD4+) counts >= 350 cells/microliter (µL) c) No history of Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining opportunistic infections within the last 12 months in which case the participant would be eligible for CE Phase only. For participants receiving nirogacestat, HIV drugs that are strong Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibitors are prohibited. HIV drugs that are moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors, while permitted, should be co-administered with caution and must be accompanied by nirogacestat dose modifications. Additional Exclusion Criteria for Sub-study 1 and 2:
• Participants with autoimmune disease (current or history) or syndrome that required systemic treatment within the past 2 years.
• Exclusion for a recent (within the past 6 months) history of symptomatic pericarditis. Additional Exclusion Criteria for Sub-study 3, 6, 7, and 8:
• Participants with uncontrolled small and/or large intestinal disease.
• Participants with uncontrolled skin disease.
• Participants with any condition causing hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia which is refractory to electrolyte replacement.
• Participants with previous administration of a gamma secretase inhibitor.
• Participants with concomitant administration of a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor or inducer. Additional Exclusion Criteria for Sub-study 4:
• Participant has an active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in the past 2 years (i.e. with use of disease-modifying agents, corticosteroids, or immunosuppressive drugs).
• Participants who have received prior therapy with an anti-programmed death-1 (anti-PD-1), anti-PD-1-ligand-1 (anti-PD-L1), or anti-PD-1 ligand-2 (anti-PD-L2) agent.
• Participant has a diagnosis of immunodeficiency or is receiving systemic steroid therapy or any other form of immunosuppressive therapy within 7 days prior to the first dose of study treatment. Use of inhaled steroids, local injection of steroids, and steroid eye drops are allowed. Additional Exclusion Criteria for Sub-study 5:
• Participants with Severe hypersensitivity to Isatuximab-irfc or to any of its excipients.
• Participants with prior treatment with other anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody within 6 months of the first dose of study drug treatment.
• Participants with known intolerance or hypersensitivity to infused proteins products, sucrose, histidine, and polysorbate 80. Additional Exclusion Criteria for Sub-study 6, 7, and 8:
• Participants with active or history of venous thromboembolism within the past 3 months.
• Participants with evidence of active mucosal or internal bleeding.
• Participants with contraindications to or are unwilling to undergo protocol-required anti-thrombotic prophylaxis or unable to tolerate antithrombolitic prophalaxis. Additional Exclusion Criteria for Sub-study 6 and 8:
•Participants who discontinued prior treatment with lenalidomide due to intolerable adverse events. Additional Exclusion Criteria for Sub-study 7:
•Participants who discontinued prior treatment with pomalidomide due to intolerable adverse events. Additional Exclusion Criteria for Sub-study 8:
• Pregnant or lactating female or female who are interrupting lactation.
• Previously diagnosed with interstitial lung disease or current complication of interstitial lung disease.

[CLOVER-1] All Patients
• Histologically or cytologically confirmed MM; Patients with primary or secondary CNSL may be enrolled.
• ECOG performance status of 0 to 2
• 18 years of age or older
• Life expectancy of at least 6 months
• Platelets ≥ 75,000/µL (if full-dose anticoagulation therapy is used, platelets ≥ 100,000/µL are required)
• WBC count ≥ 3000/µL
• Absolute neutrophil count ≥ 1500/µL
• Hemoglobin ≥ 9 g/dL (last transfusion, if any, must be at least 1 week prior to study registration, and no transfusions are allowed between registration and dosing)
• Estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 30 mL/min/1.73 m2
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤ 2.5 × upper limit of normal (ULN)
• Bilirubin < 1.5 × ULN
• International normalized ratio (INR) < 2.5
• If patient is on full-dose anticoagulation therapy, the anticoagulation therapy must be reversible and reversal of the anticoagulation therapy must not be life-threatening, as judged by the Investigator
• Patients who have undergone stem cell transplant must be at least 100 days from transplant Patients with Multiple Myeloma
• At least 5 prior regimens, which must include at least 1 approved proteasome inhibitor (bortezomib, carfilzomib, or ixazomib), at least 1 approved immunomodulatory agent (thalidomide, lenalidomide, or pomalidomide), and at least 1 approved monoclonal antibody (e.g., daratumumab or elotuzumab) with or without maintenance therapy, unless patients are intolerable to such agents or ineligible to receive such agents.
• At least triple-class refractory (refractory to a proteasome inhibitor, immunomodulatory agent, and a monoclonal antibody)
• Progressive disease defined by any of the following:
• 25% increase in serum M-protein from the lowest response value during (or after) last therapy and/or absolute increase in serum M-protein of ≥ 0.5 g/dL
• 25% increase in urine M-protein from the lowest response value during (or after) last therapy and/or absolute increase in urine M-protein of ≥ 200 mg/24 h
• 25% increase in bone marrow plasma cell percentage from the lowest response value during (or after) last therapy. Absolute bone marrow plasma cell percentage must be ≥ 10% unless prior CR when absolute bone marrow plasma cell percentage must be ≥ 5%.
• 25% increase in serum FLC level from the lowest response value during (or after) last therapy; the absolute increase must be > 10 mg/dL
• New onset hypercalcemia > 11.5 mg/dL
• Failure to obtain a partial response or better to current treatment, or cannot further improve their response to current treatment
• Appearance of new extramedullary disease
• Measurable disease defined by any of the following:
• Serum M-protein > 0.5 g/dL
• Urine M-protein > 200 mg/24 h
• Serum FLC assay: Involved FLC level ≥ 10 mg/dL provided serum FLC ratio is abnormal. [CLOSED] Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma/Waldenstom Macroglobulinemia, or Marginal Zone Lymphoma
• Prior treatment with at least 2 prior regimens, which may include chemotherapy, an approved anti-CD20 antibody with or without maintenance therapy, and an approved targeted agent, unless patients are ineligible to receive such agents
• Patients with Helicobacter pylori+ mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma must have received 1 prior antibiotic regimen for H pylori
• At least 1 measurable nodal lesion with longest diameter > 15 mm or 1 measurable extranodal lesion (eg, hepatic nodule) with longest diameter > 10 mm. Additional parameters (e.g., measurable IgM for patients with Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma) may be allowed if they meet current NCCN guidelines for symptomatic disease. Patients with uptake by FDG-PET scan may be allowed with prior approval of Sponsor. [CLOSED] Patients with Mantle Cell Lymphoma
• Prior treatment with at least 1 prior regimen
• At least 1 measurable nodal lesion with longest diameter > 15 mm or 1 measurable extranodal lesion (eg, hepatic nodule) with longest diameter > 10 mm. Patients with uptake by FDG-PET scan may be allowed with prior approval of Sponsor. [CLOSED] Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
• Relapsed or refractory to combination chemotherapy for DLBCL that contains rituximab and an anthracycline; or is intolerable to such agents. Relapsed disease is defined as either recurrence of disease after a CR or PD after achieving a partial response (PR) or SD. Refractory disease is defined as failure to achieve at least SD with any 1 line of therapy or with PD ≤ 3 months of the most recent chemotherapy regimen.
• At least 1 measurable nodal lesion with longest diameter > 15 mm or 1 measurable extranodal lesion (eg, hepatic nodule) with longest diameter > 10 mm. Patients with uptake by FDG-PET scan may be allowed with prior approval of Sponsor. Patients with CNS Lymphoma
• Must have biopsy-proven disease and must have received at least one prior intervention for their disease.
• Must be at least two weeks from CNS biopsy before administration of iopofosine I 131.
• Must have at least one lesion with enhancement on brain imaging.
• Stable (or decreasing) dose of corticosteroids or anti-convulsant medication for at least 7 days prior to dosing [CLOVER-1]
• Ongoing Grade 2 or greater toxicities due to previous therapies. Stable, tolerable Grade 2 AEs (eg, neuropathy) may be allowed.
• Prior external-beam RT resulting in greater than 20% of total bone marrow receiving greater than 20 Gy.
• Prior total body or hemi-body irradiation. Patients who have received prior low-dose total body or hemi-body irradiation may be allowed on a case-by-case basis after discussion with Sponsor (considerations may include factors such as time since irradiation, total lifetime accumulated dose, etc.)
• Extradural tumor in contact with the spinal cord or tumor located where swelling in response to therapy may impinge upon the spinal cord
• For patients with CLL/SLL, LPL, or MZL, transformation to a more aggressive form of NHL
• Ongoing chronic immunosuppressive therapy
• Clinically significant bleeding event within prior 6 months
• Ongoing anti-platelet therapy (except low-dose aspirin [eg, 81 mg daily] for cardioprotection)
• Anti-cancer therapy within two weeks of initial iopofosine I 131 infusion. Low dose dexamethasone for symptom management is allowed
• Radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or investigational therapy within 2 weeks of eligibility-defining bone marrow biopsy.
• For patients with primary or secondary CNSL, active bleeding in the tumor bed and/or uncontrolled seizure activity [CLOVER-WaM] Inclusion Criteria
• Histologically or cytologically confirmed WM. Patients with a diagnosis of LPL may be enrolled with prior Sponsor approval.
• Patient has an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) of 0 to 2 (Appendix C)
• Patient is 18 years of age or older
• Life expectancy of at least 6 months
• Received at least two prior lines of therapy for WM
• Measurable IgM (above upper limit of normal) OR at least one measurable nodal lesion with longest diameter > 15 mm or one measurable extranodal lesion (e.g., hepatic nodule) with longest diameter > 10 mm [CLOVER-WaM] Exclusion Criteria
• Ongoing Grade 2 or greater toxicities due to previous therapies, excluding alopecia.
• Prior external-beam RT resulting in greater than 20% of total bone marrow receiving greater than 20 Gy.
• Prior total body or hemi-body irradiation. Patients who have received prior low-dose total body or hemi-body irradiation may be allowed on a case-by-case basis after discussion with Sponsor (considerations may include factors such as time since irradiation, total lifetime accumulated dose, etc.)
• Patients with second malignancies in addition to WM, if the second malignancy has required therapy in the last 2 years or is not in remission; exceptions to this criterion include successfully treated non-metastatic basal cell or squamous cell skin carcinoma, or prostate cancer that does not require therapy
• Anti-cancer therapy within two weeks of initial iopofosine I 131 infusion.
• Need for acute treatment of WM (e.g., those with hyperviscosity)

• Patient or legally authorized representative provides written authorization and/or consent per institution and geographical requirements
• Patient has or is intended to receive or be treated with an eligible Medtronic product
• Patient within enrollment window relative to therapy initiation or meets criteria for retrospective enrollment
• Patient who is, or will be, inaccessible for follow-up
• Patient with exclusion criteria required by local law
• Patient is currently enrolled in or plans to enroll in any concurrent drug and/or device study that may confound results

Inclusion Criteria
• Males and females ≥40 to ≤80 years of age
• Subject is able to read, understand, and sign a written Informed Consent in order to participate in the Study
• Subject has a diagnosis of chronic bronchitis (CB) and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) for a minimum of two years. (Chronic Bronchitis is defined clinically as chronic productive cough for 3 months in each of 2 successive years in a patient in whom other causes of productive cough have been excluded)
• Subject is classified as having a moderate or severe (GOLD 2/3) airflow obstruction defined by a post-bronchodilator of ≥30% FEV1 to <80% predicted with a baseline FEV1/FVC of <0.70
• Subject has a Baseline SGRQ of ≥50
• Subject demonstrates daily cough and significant mucus.
• Subject is being treated according to current medically accepted treatment guidelines for chronic bronchitis for minimum of 3 months prior to enrollment into the study. Subject agrees to continue maintenance pulmonary/COPD medications (GOLD standard medications recommended) for the duration of the study
• Non-smoking for a minimum of 2 months prior to consent and agrees to continue not smoking for the duration of the study
• Subject is able to adhere to and undergo 2 bronchoscopic procedures (cross over subjects may undergo two additional bronchoscopic procedures, if they agree to treatment), per hospital guidelines
• Subject demonstrates ability and willingness to use a daily eDiary Exclusion Criteria
• Subject has had an acute pulmonary infection, exacerbation or pneumonia requiring medical treatment (with antibiotics and/or steroids) within 4 weeks prior of initially planned study bronchoscopy
• Current diagnosis of Asthma
• Subject has Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency as defined by blood level <59 mg/dL
• Subject has other origins of respiratory disease aside from chronic bronchitis and COPD
• Subject is using e-cigarettes, vaping or taking any inhaled substances not prescribed by a physician
• Subject has untreatable or life threatening arrhythmias, inability to adequately oxygenate during the bronchoscopy, or has acute respiratory failure
• Subject has bullous emphysema characterized as large bullae >30 millimeters on HRCT; or subject has stenosis in the tracheobronchial system, tracheobronchomegaly, trachea-bronchomalacia, amyloidosis or cystic fibrosis
• Subject has clinically significant bronchiectasis
• Subject has had a solid transplant procedure
• Subject has a known mucosal tear, has undergone prior lung surgery such as pneumonectomy, lobectomy, bullectomy, or lung volume reduction surgery
• Subject has had a prior lung device procedure, including emphysema stent(s) implanted, lung coils, valves, lung denervation, bronchial thermoplasty, cryotherapy or other therapies
• Subject is unable to temporarily discontinue use of anticoagulant therapy: warfarin, Coumadin, LMWH, heparin, clopidrogel (or equal)
• Subject has a serious medical condition, such as: uncontrolled coagulopathy or bleeding disorder, congestive heart failure, uncontrolled angina, myocardial infarction in the past year, renal failure, liver disease, cerebrovascular accident within the past 6 months, uncontrolled diabetes, uncontrolled hypertension or uncontrolled gastric reflux
• Subject is pregnant, nursing, or planning to get pregnant during study duration
• Subject has or is receiving chemotherapy or active radiation therapy within the past 6 months or is expected to receive chemotherapy during participation in this study
• Subject is or has been in another treatment study within 6 weeks of enrollment and agrees to not participate in any other treatment studies for the duration of study participation
• Subject has known sensitivity to medication required to perform bronchoscopy (such as lidocaine, atropine, and benzodiazepines)

Registration Step 1 Except where otherwise indicated below that test is required in a shorter timeframe, all tests for establishing baseline disease status must be completed within 60 days prior to registration. All test results must be documented on the Baseline Tumor Assessment Form for Multiple Myeloma and the Onstudy Form. Inclusion Criteria
• Patients must have had a confirmed diagnosis of symptomatic multiple myeloma (See Section 4.1) that required systemic induction therapy prior to autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT).
• Patients with disease measurable by serum light chain assay alone are eligible (defined as >/= 100 mg/L on involved light chain).
• Patients must be registered to Step 1 prior to registration to Step 2. Registration to Step 1 may take place prior to or after autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT), but after completion of induction therapy.
• Patients must have initiated induction therapy within 12 months prior to registration Step 1 and have received at least two cycles of induction therapy.
• Patients must be willing and able to take DVT prophylaxis (aspirin, low molecular weight heparin, warfarin, or equivalent oral anticoagulation).
• Patients must be >/= 18 and • Patients must have history and physical exam within 28 days prior to registration.
• Patients must have Zubrod Performance Status • Patients must have evidence of adequate renal function, as defined by (1) creatinine clearance (CrCl) >/= 30 mL/min., as measured by a 24-hour urine collection, or estimated by the Cockcroft and Gault formula, or (2) serum creatinine < 2.5 mg/dL. Values must be obtained within 28 days prior to registration.
• Patients must have adequate hepatic function defined by the following within 42 days prior to registration:
• Total bilirubin • AST and ALT • Patients must meet one of the following criteria:
• Be acceptable for transplant per institutional guidelines and the criteria evidencing this must be documented on the S1803 Onstudy Form. (See Appendix 18.3 for standard transplant eligibility guidelines. Note that these are guidelines and not required criteria.) OR
• Have completed autologous stem cell transplant within 180 days prior to registration (see also Section 5.2a).
• Patient's with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are eligible providing they are on effective antiretroviral therapy and have undetectable viral load at their most previous viral load test and within 6 months prior to registration.
• Patients must be able to take and swallow oral medication (capsules) whole. Patients may not have any known impairment of gastrointestinal function or gastrointestinal disease that may significantly alter the absorption of study drug (e.g. ulcerative disease, uncontrolled nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, malabsorption syndrome, or small bowel resection).
• For patients who have not yet received transplant: Patients must be willing and able to return to the transplant center for their assigned treatment after randomization. Note that patients need not have a direct relationship with the transplant center in order to register.
• Patients must submit specimens for MRD as outlined in Section 15.1. See Section 15.1 for further information, including specimen submission timepoints. Note that patients are not ineligible based solely on archival specimens being unavailable.
• Patients must be offered participation in specimen banking for future research. With patient's consent, specimens must be submitted as outlined in Section 15.2.
• Patients must be informed of the investigational nature of this study and must sign and give written informed consent in accordance with institutional and federal guidelines.
• As a part of the OPEN registration process (see Section 13.3 for OPEN access instructions) the treating institution's identity is provided in order to ensure that the current (within 365 days) date of institutional review board approval for this study has been entered in the system. Exclusion Criteria
• Patients with smoldering myeloma are not eligible. Patients with purely non-secretory MM as measured by electrophoresis and immunofixation and the absence of Bence Jones proteins in the urine are not eligible. Patients must have measurable M protein in the serum (defined as >/= 0.5g/dL) or urine (defined as >/= 200 mg/24h). Patients with plasma cell leukemia are not eligible.
• Patients must not have any organ involvement by amyloidosis or evidence of amyloidosis related organ dysfunction.
• Patients must not have progressive disease at any time prior to registration.
• Patients must not be refractory to either lenalidomide or daratumumab/rHuPH20.
• Patients must not be intolerant to either lenalidomide or daratumumab/rHuPH20.
• Patients must not have received any investigational agents within 14 days prior to registration.
• Patients must not have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with a forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) < 50% of predicted normal. FEV1 is required for patients suspected of having chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and are not eligible if FEV1 is < 50% of predicted normal.
• Patients must not have moderate or severe persistent asthma within the past 2 years and must not have currently uncontrolled asthma of any classification.
• Patients must not have had prior autograft or allograft, or prior organ transplant requiring immunosuppressive therapy.
• Patients must not have known allergy to any of the study drugs.
• Patients with uncontrolled bacterial, viral or fungal infections (currently taking medication and with progression or no clinical improvement) at time of enrollment are not eligible.
• Patients must not have known central nervous system (CNS) involvement with multiple myeloma, defined as CSF positivity for plasma cells at any time or a parenchymal CNS plasmacytoma at time of enrollment. Lumbar puncture is not required.
• Patients must not be seropositive for hepatitis C (except in the setting of sustained virologic response, defined as undetectable viral load at least 12 weeks after completion of antiviral therapy). HCV testing is only required if clinically indicated or if the patient has a history of HCV.
• No other prior malignancy is allowed except for the following: adequately treated basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer, in situ cervical cancer, adequately treated Stage I or II cancer from which the patient is currently in complete remission, or any other cancer from which the patient has been disease free for three years.
• Patients must not have any uncontrolled intercurrent illness including (not limited to): Symptomatic CHF (NYHA III/IV), unstable angina pectoris or coronary angioplasty, or stenting within 6 months prior to registration, Unstable cardiac arrhythmia (ongoing cardiac dysrhythmias of NCI CTCAE v5.0 Grade >/= 2), intra-cardiac defibrillators, known cardiac metastases, or abnormal cardiac valve morphology (>/= Grade 3), or known psychiatric illness that would limit study compliance. Registration Step 2
•First Randomization (Post-ASCT, Pre-Maintenance)
• Patients must have completed ASCT within 180 days prior to registering to Step 2.
• Patients must have one of the following performed within 60 days prior to registration for disease assessment: diagnostic quality skeletal survey, whole body CT scan, MRI, or PET.
• Patients must have Zubrod Performance Status • Patients must have adequate bone marrow function as evidenced by platelets >/= 75,000/mm3 and ANC >/= 1,000/mm3 within 28 days prior to first randomization:
• Patients must have adequate hepatic function defined by the following within 28 days prior to first randomization:
• Total bilirubin • Patients must have evidence of adequate renal function, as defined by creatinine clearance (CrCl) >/= 30 mL/min., as measured by a 24-hour urine collection, or estimated by the Cockcroft and Gault formula, or have a serum creatinine < 2.5 mg/dL within 28 days prior to first randomization.
• All ASCT-related toxicities must have recovered to • Mucositis and gastrointestinal symptoms must have resolved to • Females of childbearing potential (FCBP) must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test with a sensitivity of at least 25 mIU/mL within 10-14 days prior to registration.
• FCBP must agree to have a second pregnancy test within 24 hours prior to starting Cycle 1. Further, FCBP must either commit to continued abstinence from heterosexual intercourse or begin TWO acceptable methods of birth control: one highly effective method and one additional effective method AT THE SAME TIME, at least 28 days before starting lenalidomide. FCBP must also agree to ongoing pregnancy testing and must agree to not become pregnant for at least 3 months after the last dose of study treatment.
• Men must agree to use a latex condom during sexual contact with a FCBP, even if they have had a successful vasectomy, during the study treatment and for 3 months after the last dose of study treatment.
• Patients must be informed of the investigational nature of this study and must sign and give written informed consent in accordance with institutional and federal guidelines.
• Patients must not have received any other maintenance therapy post-ASCT and prior to Step 2 registration.
• Patients must not have had progressive disease between induction and registration to Registration Step 2. (See Section 10.1b). Registration Step 3
•Second Randomization (Post 24 Months Maintenance)
• Patients must have completed 24 cycles of protocol maintenance with either lenalidomide or lenalidomide + daratumumab/rHuPH20.
• Patients must have 24-month MRD by NGS test results available and must be MRD negative. Patients whose PCR results are indeterminable will be considered to have positive results.
• Patients must be in very good partial remission (VGPR) or better by IMWG response criteria (see Section 10.1b).

• Participants receiving health care through the Oneida Health Council Program
• Participants deemed to be at high risk for stroke by modified Framingham assessment of medical history, including cerebral cardiovascular symptomatology, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, BMI
• Willingness to participate in the study, including two-year follow-up
• Controls will be selected using the same criteria with the exception that upon screening, they are not deemed to be at high risk for stroke.
• Presence of established dementia
• Inability to participate in physical and exercise programs due to preexisting disability
• Illiteracy
• Prior carotid procedure altering ultrasound finding
• Presence of medical condition precluding participation or follow-up over a two-year period of time.

• Patients must be diagnosed with asymptomatic high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) within the past 12 months. High-risk is defined by the presence of 2 or more of the following factors:
• Abnormal serum free light chain ratio of involved to uninvolved >20, but less than 100 if the involved FLC is >= 10 mg/dL by serum free light chain (FLC) assay
• Serum M-protein level >= 2 gm/dL
• Presence of t(4;14) or del 17p, del 13q or 1q gain by conventional cytogenetics or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies.
• >20% plasma cells on biopsy or aspirate
• Bone marrow aspirate and/or biopsy is required to be performed within 42 days prior to randomization and must demonstrate 10-59% clonal plasma cells.
• >= 1 g/dL on serum protein electrophoresis (within 28 days prior to randomization).
• >= 200 mg of monoclonal protein on a 24 hour urine protein electrophoresis (within 28 days prior to randomization).
• NOTE: In the rare situation where the serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) is felt to be unreliable, then quantitative immunoglobulin levels on nephelometry or turbidometry can be accepted.
• SPEP, urine protein electrophoresis (UPEP), and serum FLC are required to be performed within 28 days prior to randomization.
• NOTE: UPEP (on a 24-hour collection) is required; no substitute method is acceptable. Urine must be followed monthly if the baseline urine M-spike is >= 200 mg/24 hour (hr), and urine in addition to serum must be followed in order to confirm a very good partial response (VGPR) or higher response.
• Patients must have no lytic lesions, no known plasmacytoma, and no unexplained hypercalcemia (i.e., > 11 mg/dL or 1mg/dL above upper limit of normal [ULN]).
• Hemoglobin >= 11 g/dL (within 28 days prior to randomization).
• Platelet count >= 100,000 cells/mm^3 (within 28 days prior to randomization).
• Absolute neutrophil count >= 1500 cells/mm^3 (within 28 days prior to randomization).
• Calculated creatinine clearance >= 30 mL/min (within 28 days prior to randomization).
• Bilirubin =< 1.5 mg/dL (within 28 days prior to randomization).
• Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) (aspartate aminotransferase [AST]) =< 2.5 times the upper limit of normal (within 28 days prior to randomization).
• Patients must not have any prior or concurrent systemic or radiation therapy for the treatment of myeloma. Patients must also not have contraindication to deep vein thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis/aspirin.
• Patients must not have more than one focal marrow lesion on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of either pelvis or spine. Patients with indwelling pacemakers and/or ICD (implantable cardioverter-defibrillator) that is known or suspected to be MRI incompatible will be excused from this test.
• Concurrent use of erythropoietin is not allowed while on study therapy.
• Prior or glucocorticosteroid therapy for the treatment of multiple myeloma is not permitted. Prior systemic glucocorticosteroid use for the treatment of non-malignant disorders is permitted; concurrent use after registration on the study should be restricted to the equivalent of prednisone 10 mg per day. Prior or concurrent topical or localized glucocorticosteroid therapy to treat non-malignant comorbid disorders is permitted.
• Patients must not have active, uncontrolled seizure disorder. Patients must not have had a seizure in the last 6 months.
• Patients must not have uncontrolled intercurrent illness including uncontrolled hypertension, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina, uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmia, uncontrolled psychiatric illness or social situation that would limit compliance with the study, or a prior history of Stevens Johnson syndrome.
• Patient must have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0, 1, or 2.
• Patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance are not eligible.
• Patients must not have grade 2 or higher peripheral neuropathy per CTCAE.
• Patients must not have active, uncontrolled infection.
• Patients may have a history of current or previous deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism but are required to take some form of anti-coagulation as prophylaxis if they are not currently on full-dose anticoagulation.
• Patients should not have New York Heart Association classification III or IV heart failure at baseline.
• Patients with a history of prior malignancy are eligible provided they were treated with curative intent and have been free of disease for the time period considered appropriate for cure of the specific cancer. For most diseases this time frame is 5 years.
• Patients must agree to register into the mandatory Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) program and be willing and able to comply with the requirements of REMS.
• Women must not be pregnant due to potential harm to the fetus from daratumumab and lenalidomide. All females of childbearing potential (FCBP) must have a blood test or urine study with a sensitivity of at least 25 mIU/mL within 10-14 days prior to the first dose of lenalidomide and again within 24 hours prior to the first dose of lenalidomide. FCBP must also agree to ongoing pregnancy testing while on treatment. A female of childbearing potential is any woman, regardless of sexual orientation or whether they have undergone tubal ligation, who meets the following criteria: 1) has achieved menarche at some point, 2) has not undergone a hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy, or 3) has not been naturally postmenopausal (amenorrhea following cancer therapy does not rule out childbearing potential) for at least 24 consecutive months (i.e., has had menses at any time in the preceding 24 consecutive months).
• Females of childbearing potential (FCBP) must either abstain from sexual intercourse for the duration of their participation in the study or agree to use TWO acceptable methods of birth control, one highly effective method and one additional effective method AT THE SAME TIME for 1) at least 28 days before starting study treatment; 2) while participating in the study; 3) during dose interruptions; and 4) for at least 28 days after the last dose of protocol treatment (FCBP who are assigned to Arm A and receive daratumumab must extend this contraception requirement to 3 months after the last dose of protocol treatment). Women must also agree to not breastfeed during this same time period. Men must agree to either abstain from sexual intercourse for the duration of their participation in the study or use a latex condom during sexual contact with a FCBP while participating in the study and for 28 days after the last dose of protocol treatment even if they have had a successful vasectomy. Men must also agree to abstain from donating sperm while on study treatment and for 28 days after the last dose of protocol treatment even if they have had a successful vasectomy. Both women and men must both agree to abstain from donating blood during study participation and for at least 28 days after the last dose of protocol treatment.
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)+ patients with undetectable HIV viral loads tested within 6 months are eligible.
• Patients should not have a history of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to daratumumab, lenalidomide, or dexamethasone.
• Patients must not have known chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with a forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) <50% of predicted normal or known moderate or severe persistent asthma within 2 years prior to randomization

• Patient must have histologically proven T1-2N0M0 invasive anal canal or anal margin squamous cell carcinoma with tumors measuring =< 4 cm within 4 weeks prior to randomization. This may include tumors of non-keratinizing histology such as basaloid, transitional cell or cloacogenic histology. Patients with T1N0M0 anal margin squamous cell carcinoma who underwent surgical excision with negative margins are not eligible
• Patients who are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative must not have lymph nodes that are radiographically-concerning for cancer involvement using computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET)/CT-based criteria. Measurable disease is not required
• Patients who are HIV-negative and do not have lymph nodes classified as lymph node positive, but are felt to be borderline for cancer involvement must undergo central imaging review
• NOTE: Patients requiring central imaging review will be pre-registered to Arm S. Upon central confirmation of no lymph node involvement, eligible patients may proceed to randomization on Step 1
• Patients will be considered to be lymph node (LN) positive and thereby not eligible in this study if the lymph nodes meet any of the following criteria:
• Mesorectal, presacral, internal iliac or obturator LN with:
• Short axis measuring > 5 mm based on CT / magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) OR
• Morphologic features of irregular border or central necrosis if assessed on MRI and LN measures > 3 mm OR
• Fludeoxyglucose F-18 (FDG) uptake > blood pool (Deauville 3-5) based on PET/CT
• External Iliac and common Iliac:
• Short-axis measuring > 1 cm based on CT / MRI OR
• Morphologic features of irregular border or central necrosis based on CT / MRI OR
• FDG uptake > blood pool (Deauville 3-5) based on PET/CT
• Inguinal LN (superficial and deep) meeting any of the following criteria will be ineligible unless an FNA is performed and resulting cytology is negative.
• Morphologic features of irregular border or central necrosis based on CT / MRI
• FDG uptake > liver (Deauville 4) based on PET/CT.
• Patients who are HIV-negative and have inguinal lymph nodes that do not meet the above criteria must undergo fine needle aspiration and have negative histology to be eligible.
• Patients who are HIV-positive must have
• A CD4 count >= 300
• Confirmation of no lymph node involvement by central real-time review of imaging
• NOTE: Patients will be pre-registered to Arm S. Upon central confirmation of no lymph node involvement, eligible patients may proceed to randomization on Step 1
• Patient must have Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG)
•American College of Radiology Imaging Network (ACRIN) performance status of 0-2
• Patient must have no history of prior radiation or chemotherapy for this malignancy
• Patient must not have had prior potentially curative surgery (i.e. abdominal-perineal resection) for carcinoma of the anus
• Patients with excisional biopsy procedure are eligible provided there was tumor involvement of the anal canal and/or anal verge prior to resection
• Patient must not be receiving any other standard anti-cancer therapy or experimental agent concurrently with the study drugs
• Patient must not have intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection or psychiatric/social situations that, in the judgement of the investigator, would limit compliance with study requirements
• Patient must not have had significant cardiovascular disease including myocardial infarction, unstable angina, stroke, transient ischemic attack, symptomatic coronary artery disease, symptomatic congestive heart failure, or uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmia within 6 months of randomization
• Patient must not have a history of a different malignancy unless they have been disease-free for at least 2 years and are deemed by the investigator to be at low risk of recurrence
• Individuals with the following cancers are eligible if diagnosed and treated within the past 5 years: cervical cancer in situ and basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
• Patient must not have active autoimmune or connective disease
• Patients who are on anti-coagulation with warfarin within 2 weeks prior to registration and are considering the use of capecitabine, must use an alternative anti-coagulant
• NOTE: Low molecular weight heparin is permitted provided the patient's prothrombin time (PT)/international normalized ratio (INR) is < 1.5
• Patients who will receive capecitabine and are on Dilantin for a seizure disorder must have Dilantin levels checked weekly
• Hemoglobin > 10 g/dL (within 2 weeks prior to registration)
• Platelets >= 100,000/mm^3 (within 2 weeks prior to registration)
• Absolute neutrophil count >= 1500/mm^3 (within 2 weeks prior to registration)
• Serum creatinine must be < 1.5 X upper limit of normal (ULN), or calculated creatinine clearance must be > 60 ml/min (within 2 weeks prior to registration)
• Total bilirubin must be < 2 X ULN (within 2 weeks prior to registration)
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =< 2.5 X institutional ULN (within 2 weeks prior to registration)
• Albumin >= 3.0 g/dL (within 2 weeks prior to registration)
• Women must not be pregnant or breast-feeding because the study treatment administered may cause harm to an unborn fetus or breastfeeding child. All females of childbearing potential must have a blood test or urine study within 2 weeks prior to registration to rule out pregnancy. A female of childbearing potential is any woman, regardless of sexual orientation or whether they have undergone tubal ligation, who meets the following criteria: 1) has achieved menarche at some point, 2) has not undergone a hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy; or 2) has not been naturally postmenopausal (amenorrhea following cancer therapy does not rule out childbearing potential) for at least 24 consecutive months (i.e., has had menses at any time in the preceding 24 consecutive months)
• Women of childbearing potential and sexually active males must be strongly advised to use accepted and effective method(s) of contraception or to abstain from sexual intercourse for the duration of their participation in the study and for at least 6 months after the completion of treatment

• INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SCREENING (STEP 0
•PREREGISTRATION)
• Patients must have histologically confirmed mantle cell lymphoma, with cyclin D1 by immunohistochemical stains and/or t(11;14) by cytogenetics or FISH. If patient has cyclin D1 negative mantle cell lymphoma with classical morphology and an expression profile (including SOX11+) that is otherwise indistinguishable from mantle cell lymphoma, communication with investigator is required for consideration of enrollment. The proliferation rate, using Ki-67 or MIB-1, should also be determined, but is not required until Step 1 registration. Patients may register to Step 0 without a documented Ki-67 index.
• Patients should be deemed to be potentially eligible and willing candidates for auto-HCT by the enrolling physician
• Patient may be receiving or have completed induction therapy within 60 days prior to preregistration to step 0; no more than 300 days may have passed between the first day of induction therapy and preregistration to step 0
• For patients who have completed induction therapy, restaging evaluation must show status of partial (PR) or complete response (CR); patients preregistered post-induction with evidence of clinical disease progression are not eligible for preregistration
• Up to two regimens of chemotherapy are allowed as long as a continuous response was ongoing throughout therapy
• NOTE: For example, a patient who started treatment with rituximab/bendamustine and was then switched to rituximab(R)-cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin hydrochloride, vincristine sulfate, and prednisone (CHOP) (due to insufficient response or excessive toxicity) would be counted as having received 2 regimens; however, R-CHOP alternating with R-dexamethasone, high-dose cytarabine, and cisplatin (DHAP) as a planned induction regimen would count as one regimen
• Patient does not have any documented history of central nervous system (CNS) involvement by mantle cell lymphoma; this includes no evidence of parenchymal brain, spinal cord, or cerebrospinal fluid involvement; radiculopathy symptoms from nerve root compression by lymphoma do not constitute CNS involvement
• Patient must have archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue specimen from the original diagnostic biopsy available for submission to Adaptive Biotechnologies for ClonoSEQ ID molecular marker identification of unique clonal immunoglobulin deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence
• NOTE: Patients for whom the molecular marker is identified will have peripheral blood collected after completion of induction (patient?s disease status is PR or CR) and submitted to Adaptive Biotechnologies for minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment
• INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR TREATMENT ASSIGNMENT (STEP 1)
• Patients must have met eligibility criteria for the screening step
• Institution has received results from Adaptive Biotechnologies as defined by one of the following criteria:
• Patients are ?MRD Indeterminate?: ClonoSEQ ID molecular marker assessment did not identify any unique clonal immunoglobulin DNA sequence OR
• ClonoSEQ ID molecular marker assessment identified unique clonal immunoglobulin DNA sequence and MRD assessment is completed
• Patients must have completed induction therapy within 120 days prior to preregistration to step 0, AND no more than 300 days may have elapsed from the first dose of induction chemotherapy (cycle 1 [C1] day 1 [D1]) given, until the last day of induction chemotherapy administered; for those assigned to Arms A, C, or D, the date of transplant (?day 0?) must not be greater than 365 days after the first dose of induction chemotherapy (C1D1) given
• Patient must have received at least four (4) cycles of induction therapy
• Up to two regimens of chemotherapy are allowed as long as a continuous response was ongoing throughout therapy
• NOTE: For example, a patient who started treatment with rituximab/bendamustine and was then switched to R-CHOP (due to insufficient response or excessive toxicity) would be counted as having received 2 regimens; however, R-CHOP alternating with R-DHAP as a planned induction regimen would count as one regimen
• Patients must have achieved a radiologic complete or partial remission as defined by the Lugano criteria
• Patients must meet institutional eligibility requirements for stem cell transplant, including cardiac, renal, liver, and pulmonary requirements
• Patients have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-2
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients are not excluded, but to enroll, must meet all of the below criteria:
• HIV is sensitive to antiretroviral therapy
• Must be willing to take effective antiretroviral therapy if indicated
• CD4 count at screening >= 300 cells/mm^3
• No history of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining conditions
• Patient must be disease-free >= 3 years of prior malignancies with the exception of adequately treated non-melanoma skin cancer, adequately treated in situ carcinoma, low grade prostate carcinoma (Gleason grade =< 6) managed with observation that has been stable for at least 6 months
• Women must not be pregnant or breast-feeding
• All females of childbearing potential must have a blood test or urine study within 2 weeks prior to registration to rule out pregnancy
• A female of childbearing potential is any woman, regardless of sexual orientation or whether they have undergone tubal ligation, who meets the following criteria: 1) has not undergone a hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy; or 2) has not been naturally postmenopausal for at least 24 consecutive months (i.e., has had menses at any time in the preceding 24 consecutive months)
• Women of childbearing potential and sexually active males must be strongly advised to use an accepted and effective method of contraception or to abstain from sexual intercourse for the duration of their participation in the study

• Participant must be over 18 years of age inclusive, at the time of signing the informed consent.
• Diagnosis of multiple myeloma with a requirement for treatment as documented per international myeloma working group (IMWG) criteria.
• Must have at least one aspect of measurable disease, defined as one of the following:
• Urine M-protein excretion >=200 mg/24 hours (>=0.2 gram [g]/24 hours), or
• Serum M-protein concentration >=0.5 grams per deciliter (g/dL) (>=5.0 gram per liter [g/L]), or
• Serum free light chain (FLC) assay: involved FLC level >=10 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) (>=100 milligram per liter [mg/L]) and an abnormal serum free light chain ratio (<0.26 or >1.65).
• Not a candidate for high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) due to presence of significant comorbid condition(s), such as cardiac, pulmonary or other major organ dysfunction that are likely to have a negative impact on tolerability of high dose chemotherapy with stem cell transplantation, as judged by the investigator.
• Eastern cooperative oncology group (ECOG) status of 0-2
• Adequate organ system functions as defined by the laboratory assessments listed as following: Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >=1.5 x 10^9/L; Hemoglobin >=8.0 g/dL; Platelets >=75 x 10^9/L; Total bilirubin <=1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN); (Isolated bilirubin >1.5 x ULN is acceptable if bilirubin is fractionated and direct bilirubin is <35%); Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) <=2.5 x ULN; eGFR >=30 mL/minute/1.73 meter^2; Urine Dipstick for protein OR Albumin/creatinine ratio (from spot urine)- Negative/trace (if >=1 plus only eligible if confirmed <=500 mg/gram (56 mg/millimoles [mmol]) by albumin/creatinine ratio (spot urine from first void); Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) by echocardiogram (ECHO) of >=35% participants with low LVEF (per institutional standards), consider referring to cardiology per local standards of care.
• Sex and Contraception/Barrier Requirements (Female):
• Contraceptive use by women should be consistent with local regulations regarding the methods of contraception for those participating in clinical studies. A female participant is eligible to participate if she is not pregnant or breastfeeding, and at least 1 of the following conditions applies:
• Is NOT a woman of childbearing potential (WOCBP) or Due to lenalidomide being a thalidomide analogue with risk for embryofetal toxicity and prescribed under a pregnancy prevention/controlled distribution program, and bortezomib having the potential to cause fetal harm, WOCBP participants will be eligible if they commit to either: abstain continuously from heterosexual sexual intercourse as their preferred and usual lifestyle (abstinent on a long term and persistent basis) and agree to remain abstinent OR to use birth control as follows: Two methods of reliable birth control (one method that is highly effective and one additional effective (barrier) method), beginning 4 weeks prior to initiating treatment with lenalidomide, during therapy, during dose interruptions and continuing for 4 weeks following discontinuation of lenalidomide treatment. Thereafter, WOCBP participants must use one method of reliable birth control that is highly effective for a further 3 months following discontinuation of belantamab mafodotin, or a further 6 months following discontinuation of bortezomib, whichever is longer. WOCBP must also agree not to donate eggs (ova, oocytes) for the purpose of reproduction during treatment, during dose interruptions and for 28-days following the last dose of lenalidomide, 4 months following discontinuation of belantamab mafodotin treatment or 7-months following the last dose of bortezomib, whichever is longer. Two negative pregnancy tests must be obtained prior to initiating therapy. The first test should be performed within 10-14 days and the second test within 24 hours prior to prescribing the start of lenalidomide therapy. The participant should not receive lenalidomide until the investigator has verified that the results of these pregnancy tests are negative. The investigator should evaluate the effectiveness of the contraceptive method in relationship to the first dose of study intervention. The Investigator is responsible for review of medical history, menstrual history, and recent sexual activity to decrease the risk for inclusion of a woman with an early undetected pregnancy.
• Sex and Contraception/Barrier Requirements (Male):
• Contraceptive use by men should be consistent with local regulations regarding the methods of contraception for those participating in clinical studies
• Male participants are eligible to participate if they agree to the following from the time of first dose of study treatment until 28-days after the last dose of lenalidomide, 4-months after the last dose of bortezomib, or 6 months after the last dose of belantamab mafodotin, whichever is longer, to allow for clearance of any altered sperm: Refrain from donating sperm
•Plus either:
•Be abstinent from heterosexual intercourse as their preferred and usual lifestyle (abstinent on a long term and persistent basis) and agree to remain abstinent OR Must agree to use contraception/barrier as detailed below: Agree to use a male condom, even if they have undergone a successful vasectomy, and female partner to use an additional highly effective contraceptive method with a failure rate of <1% per year when having sexual intercourse with a WOCBP. Male participants should also use a condom when having sexual intercourse with pregnant females.
• Capable of giving signed informed consent.
• Smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM).
• Prior systemic therapy for multiple myeloma, or SMM. NOTE: An emergency course of steroids (defined as no greater than 40 mg of dexamethasone, or equivalent per day for a maximum of 4 days (that is, a total of 160 mg) is permitted. NOTE: Focal palliative radiation is permitted prior to enrollment, provided that it occurred at least 2 weeks prior to the first dose of study drug, that the participant has recovered from radiation-related toxicities, and that the participant did not require corticosteroids for radiation-induced adverse events.
• Participant is eligible for high dose chemotherapy with ASCT, as determined by a frailty score of 0 as assessed by the IMWG frailty index.
• Peripheral neuropathy or neuropathic pain Grade 2 or higher, as defined by the national cancer institute (NCI)-common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE) Version 5.
• Major surgery within 4 weeks prior to the first dose of study drug.
• Presence of active renal condition (infection, requirement for dialysis or any other significant condition that could affect participant's safety). Participants with isolated proteinuria resulting from multiple myeloma (MM) are eligible, provided they fulfil criteria.
• Any serious and/or unstable pre-existing medical, psychiatric disorder or other conditions (including lab abnormalities) that could interfere with participant's safety, obtaining informed consent or compliance to the study procedures.
• Evidence of active mucosal or internal bleeding uncontrolled by local therapy and not explained by reversible coagulopathy.
• Current active liver or biliary disease (except for Gilbert's syndrome or asymptomatic gallstones, or otherwise stable chronic liver disease as per the Investigator's assessment).
• Participants with previous or concurrent malignancies other than multiple myeloma are excluded. Exceptions are surgically treated cervical carcinoma in situ, or any other malignancy that has been considered medically stable for at least 2 years. The participant must not be receiving active therapy, other than hormonal therapy for this disease. Note: Participants with curatively treated non-melanoma skin cancer are allowed without a 2-year restriction.
• Evidence of cardiovascular risk including any of following: Evidence of current clinically significant untreated arrhythmias, including clinically significant electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities including second degree (Mobitz Type II) or third degree atrioventricular (AV) block; History of myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndromes (including unstable angina), coronary angioplasty, or stenting or bypass grafting within 3 months of Screening.; Class III or IV heart failure as defined by the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification system; Uncontrolled hypertension.
• Active infection requiring treatment.
• Known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
• Presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), or hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb), at Screening or within 3 months prior to first dose of study treatment.
• Positive hepatitis C antibody test result.
• Current corneal epithelial disease except for mild punctate keratopathy. Note: Participants with mild punctate keratopathy are allowed.
• Intolerance or contraindications to anti-viral prophylaxis.
• Unable to tolerate antithrombotic prophylaxis.
• AL amyloidosis (light chain amyloidosis), active polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal plasma proliferative disorder, skin changes (POEMS) syndrome or active plasma cell leukemia at the time of screening.
• Exhibiting clinical signs of or has a known history of meningeal or central nervous system involvement by multiple myeloma.
• Known immediate or delayed hypersensitivity reaction or idiosyncratic reaction to drugs chemically related to belantamab mafodotin, or any of the components of the study treatment.
• Use of an investigational drug within 14 days or five half-lives (whichever is longer) preceding the first dose of study drug.
• Plasmapheresis within 7 days prior to the first dose of study drug.

Part 1: Inclusion criteria: 1. Males or females aged ≥ 50 years; 2. Body mass index (BMI) greater than 18.5 kg/m2 and less than 45 kg/m2; 3. Diagnosed with "Clinically Probable PD" according to the MDS clinical diagnostic criteria, with documented diagnosis of PD per treating physician's records within three years of the Screening visit. Disease severity according to modified Hoehn & Yahr stage ≤ 2; 4. Projected to not required to start dopaminergic therapy within 9 months from Baseline; Exclusion criteria: 1. Current, or within 60 days of Screening, use of any prescription, investigational, or over the counter medication for the symptomatic treatment of PD or to slow the progression of PD. Treatment with Monoamine Oxidase B (MAOB) inhibitors will be allowed if the dose is stable for at least 30 days prior to Screening and subjects agree to remain on it for the duration of the study; 2. Prior use of dopaminergic therapy (e.g., levodopa, dopamine agonist, amantadine) for 30 or more days any time in the past; 3. A diagnosis of a significant central or peripheral nervous system disease affecting the subject's cognition or motor function at any time, such as another neurodegenerative disorder, multiple sclerosis or stroke. This does not include transient neurological deficits such as transient ischemic attacks or migraine aura; 4. A diagnosis of a medical condition that could interfere with interpretation of the MDS-UPDRS during the trial (e.g., musculoskeletal disorders); 5. Contraindications to receiving an MRI; 6. Contraindications to receiving a DaT SPECT scan (e.g., hypersensitivity to the active substance, any of the excipients, or iodine) if a new DaT SPECT scan is required for the study; 7. Most recent DaT SPECT scan not compatible with PD (i.e., Scans Without Evidence of Dopaminergic Deficit [SWEDD]) based on a central reading by a study physician; 8. MRI of the brain performed after onset of PD suggestive of secondary Parkinsonism (e.g., subdural hematoma, normal pressure hydrocephalus, or infarcts of the basal ganglia); 9. Severe tremors as defined by a score of "severe" on any of the MDS-UPDRS Parts 2 or 3 tremor severity (not constancy) items; 10. Montreal cognitive assessment score < 25 11. History of any surgery on the brain itself including deep brain stimulation for PD (note this does not include surgeries on the skull that do not affect the brain, e.g., small meningioma removal); 12. History of hypersensitivity (e.g., bronchospasm, anaphylaxis, serious drug rash) to contents of the study drug or other tyrosine kinase inhibitors; 13. Recent use of medications that can cause Parkinsonism and suspicion of the investigator that it could have worsened the subject's Parkinsonism. This includes neuroleptics (e.g., olanzapine, risperidone, haloperidol), some anti-nausea medications (e.g., prochlorperizine, metoclopramide) and others (e.g., flunarizine, methyldopa) 14. Use of medications that affect the dopaminergic system within 60 days of Screening. This includes stimulants (e.g., methylphenidate, amphetamine derivatives, modafinil) and Monoamine Oxidase A (MAOA) inhibitors (e.g., phenelzine, and tranylcypromine). Note that antidepressants are acceptable as long as the subject has remained on them at a stable dose for over 60 days prior to Screening and plans to remain on them through the study; 15. Any malignant disease (other than basal cell carcinoma of the skin) with evidence of disease within the past 5 years and with the potential for recurrence Part 2: Inclusion criteria: 1. Subject has completed part 1 of the study. 2. Subject projected not to need dopaminergic treatment except for treatment with Monoamine Oxidase B (MAOB) inhibitors. MAOB inhibitors will be allowed if the patient was already taking the same during part 1 of the study. 3. Subject has received K0706/placebo, as appropriate, within 4 weeks prior to end of part 1 of the study. 4. Male subjects enrolled in the study should not father a child and are advised to prevent the passage of semen to their sexual partner during intercourse using an effective method, as judged by the Investigator, for the duration of the study and for 3 months after the last dose of study drug Exclusion criteria: 1. Clinically significant or unstable psychiatric or medical condition, vital sign, or laboratory abnormality that in the opinion of the investigator interferes with participation in the study 2. Any condition that in the opinion of the Investigator represents an obstacle for study conduct and/or represents a potential unacceptable risk for the subject. 3. Subject has any concurrent medical condition or uncontrolled, clinically significant systemic disease (e.g., renal failure, heart failure, hypertension, liver disease, diabetes, or anemia) that, in the opinion of the Investigator, could cause continued treatment to be detrimental to the subject

• Patients must be >= 2 years and =< 21 years at the time of enrollment
• Patients must have a body surface area (BSA) of >= 0.5 m^2 at enrollment
• Patients must have non-neurofibromatosis type 1 (non-NF1) low-grade glioma (LGG) without a BRAFV600E mutation as confirmed by Rapid Central Pathology and Molecular Screening Reviews performed on APEC14B1 (NCT02402244) and that has not been treated with any modality besides surgery. Note: Patients may be newly-diagnosed OR previously diagnosed, and there is no required time frame between biopsy/surgery and treatment initiation.
• Patients with residual tumor after resection or progressive tumor after initial diagnosis (with or without surgery) who have not received treatment (chemotherapy and/or radiation) are eligible
• Patients must have two-dimensional measurable tumor >= 1 cm^2 to be eligible
• Eligible histologies will include all tumors considered low-grade glioma or low-grade astrocytoma (World Health Organization [WHO] grade I and II) by 5th edition WHO classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors with the exception of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma
• Patients with metastatic disease or multiple independent primary LGG are eligible
• Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >= 70 mL/min/1.73 m^2 OR a serum creatinine based on age/gender as follows (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment):
• Age: Maximum Serum Creatinine (mg/dL)
• 2 to < 6 years: 0.8 mg/dL (male); 0.8 mg/dL (female)
• 6 to < 10 years: 1 mg/dL (male); 1 mg/dL (female)
• 10 to < 13 years: 1.2 mg/dL (male); 1.2 mg/dL (female)
• 13 to < 16 years: 1.5 mg/dL (male); 1.4 mg/dL (female)
• >= 16 years: 1.7 mg/dL (male); 1.4 mg/dL (female)
• Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment) (children with a diagnosis of Gilbert's syndrome will be allowed on study regardless of their total and indirect [unconjugated] bilirubin levels as long as their direct [conjugated] bilirubin is < 3.1 mg/dL)
• Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) =< 135 U/L (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment). For the purpose of this study, the ULN for SGPT is 45 U/L
• Albumin >= 2 g/dL (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment)
• Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) >= 53% (or institutional normal; if the LVEF result is given as a range of values, then the upper value of the range will be used) by echocardiogram (performed within 4 weeks prior to enrollment)
• Corrected QT (QTc) interval =< 450 msec by electrocardiography (EKG) (performed within 4 weeks prior to enrollment)
• Absolute neutrophil count >= 1,000/uL (unsupported) (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment)
• Platelets >= 100,000/uL (unsupported) (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment)
• Hemoglobin >= 8 g/dL (may be supported) (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment)
• Patients with a known seizure disorder should be stable and should not have experienced a significant increase in seizure frequency within 2 weeks prior to enrollment
• Patients 2-17 years of age must have a blood pressure that is =< 95th percentile for age, height, and gender at the time of enrollment (with or without the use of anti-hypertensive medications)
• Patients >= 18 years of age must have a blood pressure =< 130/80 mmHg at the time of enrollment (with or without the use of anti-hypertensive medications)
• Note for patients of all ages: Adequate blood pressure can be achieved using medication for the treatment of hypertension
• All patients must have ophthalmology toxicity assessments performed within 4 weeks prior to enrollment
• For all patients, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain (with orbital cuts for optic pathway tumors) and/or spine (depending on the site(s) of primary disease) with and without contrast must be performed within 4 weeks prior to enrollment
• Patients must have a performance status corresponding to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores of 0, 1, or 2. Use Karnofsky for patients > 16 years of age and Lansky for patients =< 16 years of age
• Patients must have the ability to swallow whole capsules
• All patients have signed an appropriate consent form and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) authorization form (if applicable)
• All patients and/or their parents or legal guardians must sign a written informed consent
• All patients have been consented and enrolled on APEC14B1 (NCT02402244) followed by enrollment on the ACNS1833 Pre-Enrollment Eligibility Screening (Step 0) on the same day to complete the Rapid Central Review
• All institutional, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and National Cancer Institute (NCI) requirements for human studies must be met
• Patients must not have received any prior tumor-directed therapy including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, or bone marrow transplant. Prior surgical intervention is permitted
• Patients with a concurrent malignancy or history of treatment (other than surgery) for another tumor within the last year are ineligible
• Patients with diffuse intrinsic pontine tumors as seen on MRI (> 2/3 of pons involvement on imaging) are not eligible even if biopsy reveals grade I/II histology
• Patients may not be receiving any other investigational agents
• Patients with any serious medical or psychiatric illness/condition, including substance use disorders or ophthalmological conditions, likely in the judgment of the investigator to interfere or limit compliance with study requirements/treatment
• Patients who, in the opinion of the investigator, are not able to comply with the study procedures are not eligible
• Female patients who are pregnant are not eligible since fetal toxicities and teratogenic effects have been noted for several of the study drugs. A pregnancy test is required for female patients of childbearing potential
• Lactating females who plan to breastfeed their infants are not eligible
• Sexually active patients of reproductive potential who have not agreed to use an effective contraceptive method for the duration of their study participation and for 12 weeks after stopping study therapy are not eligible.
• Note: Women of child-bearing potential and males with sexual partners who are pregnant or who could become pregnant (i.e., women of child-bearing potential) should use effective methods of contraception for the duration of the study and for 12 weeks after stopping study therapy to avoid pregnancy and/or potential adverse effects on the developing embryo
• Known genetic disorder that increases risk for coronary artery disease. Note: The presence of dyslipidemia in a family with a history of myocardial infarction is not in itself an exclusion unless there is a known genetic disorder documented
• Symptomatic heart failure
• New York Health Association (NYHA) class II-IV prior or current cardiomyopathy
• Severe valvular heart disease
• History of atrial fibrillation
• Current or past history of central serous retinopathy
• Current or past history of retinal vein occlusion or retinal detachment
• Patients with uncontrolled glaucoma
• If checking pressure is clinically indicated, patients with intraocular pressure (IOP) > 22 mmHg or ULN adjusted by age are not eligible
• Supplementation with vitamin E greater than 100% of the daily recommended dose. Any multivitamin containing vitamin E must be stopped prior to study enrollment even if less than 100% of the daily recommended dosing for vitamin E
• Surgery within 2 weeks prior to enrollment, with the exception of surgical biopsy, placement of a vascular access device or cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) diverting procedure such as endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt.
• Note: Patients must have healed from any prior surgery
• Patients who have an uncontrolled infection are not eligible

• Early Term to late term pregnancy (>37 weeks and 0 days and <42 weeks and 0 days)
• Late Preterm Pregnancy (34 weeks and 0 days and <37 weeks)
• Confirmed rupture of membranes by either sterile speculum exam or AmniSure
• Simplified Bishop Score ≤ 6
• Maternal Age > 18 years old
• Singleton gestation
• Appropriate gestational age dating by certain LMP or ultrasound performed prior to 20 weeks gestational age
• Concern for intra-amniotic infection
• Previous Cesarean delivery
• Lack of appropriate dating criteria for the pregnancy
• Inability to give informed consent in the patient's native language
• Known bleeding disorder such as von Willebrand's disease or hemophilia
• Anticoagulation administration within 24 hours of delivery

• Patients must be >= 2 years and =< 21 years at the time of enrollment
• Patients must have a body surface area (BSA) of >= 0.5 m^2 at enrollment
• Patients must have neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) based on clinical criteria and/or germline genetic testing
• Patients must be newly diagnosed or have previously diagnosed NF-1 associated LGG that has not been treated with any modality other than surgery
• For patients with optic pathway gliomas (OPGs):
• Newly-diagnosed patients with OPG are eligible if there are neurologic symptoms (including visual dysfunction, as defined below) or other exam findings associated with the tumor
• Previously-diagnosed patients with OPG are eligible if they have new or worsening neurologic symptoms (including visual dysfunction, as defined below) or have tumor growth
• For both newly-diagnosed and previously-diagnosed OPG, the patient may be eligible, irrespective of whether there has been tumor growth or other neurological symptoms or worsening, if they meet at least one of the following visual criteria:
• Visual worsening, defined as worsening of visual acuity (VA) or visual fields (VF) documented within the past year (by examination or history); OR
• Significant visual dysfunction (defined as VA worse than normal for age by 0.6 logMAR [20/80, 6/24, or 2.5/10] or more in one or both eyes)
• For patients with LGG in other locations (i.e., not OPGs):
• Newly-diagnosed patients with LGG are eligible if there are neurologic symptoms or other exam findings associated with the tumor
• NOTE: Newly-diagnosed patients with LGG without associated neurologic symptoms or exam findings are not eligible
• Previously-diagnosed patients with LGG are eligible if they have new or worsening neurologic symptoms or have tumor growth
• Although not required, if a biopsy/tumor resection is performed, eligible histologies will include all tumors considered LGG or low-grade astrocytoma (World Health Organization [WHO] grade I and II) by 5th edition WHO classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors with the exception of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma
• Patients must have two-dimensional measurable tumor >= 1 cm^2
• Patients with metastatic disease or multiple independent primary LGGs are allowed on study
• Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration Rate (GFR) >= 70 mL/min/1.73 m^2 OR a serum creatinine based on age/gender (within 7 days prior to enrollment) as follows:
• Age; maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL)
• 2 to < 6 years; 0.8 (male) and 0.8 (female)
• 6 to < 10 years; 1 (male) and 1 (female)
• 10 to < 13 years; 1.2 (male) and 1.2 (female)
• 13 to < 16 years; 1.5 (male) and 1.4 (female)
• >= 16 years; 1.7 (male) and 1.4 (female)
• Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age (within 7 days prior to enrollment) (children with a diagnosis of Gilbert's syndrome will be allowed on study regardless of their total and indirect [unconjugated] bilirubin levels as long as their direct [conjugated] bilirubin is < 3.1 mg/dL)
• Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) =< 3 x upper limit of normal (ULN) = 135 U/L (within 7 days prior to enrollment). For the purpose of this study, the ULN for SGPT is 45 U/L
• Albumin >= 2 g/dL (within 7 days prior to enrollment)
• Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) >= 53% (or institutional normal; if the LVEF result is given as a range of values, then the upper value of the range will be used) by echocardiogram (within 4 weeks prior to enrollment)
• Corrected QT (QTc) interval =< 450 msec by electrocardiography (EKG) (within 4 weeks prior to enrollment)
• Absolute neutrophil count >= 1,000/uL (unsupported) (within 7 days prior to enrollment)
• Platelets >= 100,000/uL (unsupported) (within 7 days prior to enrollment)
• Hemoglobin >= 8 g/dL (may be supported) (within 7 days prior to enrollment)
• Patients with a known seizure disorder should be stable and should have not experienced a significant increase in seizure frequency within 2 weeks prior to enrollment
• Patients 2-17 years of age must have a blood pressure that is =< 95th percentile for age, height, and gender at the time of enrollment. Patients >= 18 years of age must have a blood pressure =< 130/80 mmHg at the time of enrollment (with or without the use of antihypertensive medications).
• Note: Adequate blood pressure can be achieved using medication for the treatment of hypertension
• All patients must have ophthalmology toxicity assessments performed within 4 weeks prior to enrollment
• For all patients, an MRI of the brain (with orbital cuts for optic pathway tumors) and/or spine (depending on the site(s) of primary disease) with and without contrast must be performed within 4 weeks prior to enrollment
• For patients who undergo a surgery on the target tumor (not required), a pre- and post-operative* MRI of the brain (with orbital cuts for optic pathway tumors) or spine (depending on the site(s) of primary disease) with and without contrast must also be performed within 4 weeks prior to enrollment
• The post-operative MRIs should be performed ideally within 48 hours after surgery if possible
• Patients must have a performance status corresponding to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores of 0, 1, or 2. Use Karnofsky for patients > 16 years of age and Lansky for patients =< 16 years of age
• Patients must have the ability to swallow whole capsules
• Patients must have receptive and expressive language skills in English or Spanish to complete the quality of life (QOL) and neurocognitive assessments
• All patients and/or their parents or legal guardians must sign a written informed consent.
• All institutional, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and National Cancer Institute (NCI) requirements for human studies must be met.
• Patients must not have received any prior tumor-directed therapy including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, or bone marrow transplant. Prior surgical intervention is permitted
• Patients with a concurrent malignancy or history of treatment (other than surgery) for another tumor within the last year are ineligible
• Patients may not be receiving any other investigational agents
• Patients with any serious medical or psychiatric illness/ condition, including substance use disorders likely in the judgement of the investigator to interfere or limit compliance with study requirements/treatment are not eligible
• Patients who, in the opinion of the investigator, are not able to comply with the study procedures are not eligible
• Female patients who are pregnant are not eligible since fetal toxicities and teratogenic effects have been noted for several of the study drugs. A pregnancy test is required for female patients of childbearing potential
• Lactating females who plan to breastfeed their infants are not eligible
• Sexually active patients of reproductive potential who have not agreed to use an effective contraceptive method for the duration of their study participation and for 12 weeks after stopping study therapy are not eligible
• Note: Women of child-bearing potential and males with sexual partners who are pregnant or who could become pregnant (i.e., women of child-bearing potential) should use effective methods of contraception for the duration of the study and for 12 weeks after stopping study therapy to avoid pregnancy and/or potential adverse effects on the developing embryo
• Cardiac conditions:
• Known genetic disorder that increases risk for coronary artery disease. Note: The presence of dyslipidemia in a family with a history of myocardial infarction is not in itself an exclusion unless there is a known genetic disorder documented
• Symptomatic heart failure
• New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II-IV prior or current cardiomyopathy
• Severe valvular heart disease
• History of atrial fibrillation
• Ophthalmologic conditions:
• Current or past history of central serous retinopathy
• Current or past history of retinal vein occlusion or retinal detachment
• Patients with uncontrolled glaucoma
• If checking pressure is clinically indicated, patients with intraocular pressure (IOP) > 22 mmHg or ULN adjusted by age are not eligible
• Ophthalmological findings secondary to long-standing optic pathway glioma (such as visual loss, optic nerve pallor, or strabismus) or longstanding orbito-temporal plexiform neurofibroma (PN), such as visual loss, strabismus) will NOT be considered a significant abnormality for the purposes of the study
• Treatments and/or medications patient is receiving that would make her/him ineligible, such as:
• Supplementation with vitamin E greater than 100% of the daily recommended dose. Any multivitamin containing vitamin E must be stopped prior to study enrollment even if less than 100% of the daily recommended dosing for vitamin E
• Surgery within 2 weeks prior to enrollment, with the exception of surgical placement for vascular access or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diverting procedures such as endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and ventriculo-peritoneal (VP) shunt.
• Note: Patients must have healed from any prior surgery prior to enrollment
• Patients who have an uncontrolled infection are not eligible

• Part A:
• Less than 5 years of age at the first study visit.
• Documentation of a CF diagnosis. Part B:
• Participated in Part A OR less than 6 years of age at the first study visit.
• Documentation of a CF diagnosis.
• CFTR mutations consistent with FDA labeled indication of highly effective modulator therapy (ivacaftor or elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor).
• Physician intent to prescribe ivacaftor or elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor.
• Part A and Part B: Use of an investigational drug within 28 days prior to and including the first study visit. Use of ivacaftor or elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor within the 180 days prior to and including the first study visit. Use of chronic oral corticosteroids within the 28 days prior to and including the first study visit.