Inclusion criteria:
• Age >18 years of age
• Chronic non-ischemic cardiomyopathy
• LVEF 15% ≤ 30% by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) within 6 months prior to enrollment
• NYHA Class III HF for a minimum of 3 months HF despite appropriate medical therapy (defined below):
• Treatment with appropriate HF therapy as tolerated, including, but not limited to:
• Beta blocker therapy and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) or sacubitril/valsartan combination therapy (Entresto) for ≥ 90 days prior to enrollment. May also receive aldosterone antagonist therapy. Doses of the above medications must be stable for ≥ 30 days prior to enrollment; and
• Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), if clinically indicated, must have been implanted ≥ 90 days prior to enrollment. Internal cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) must be implanted, if clinically indicated ≥ 30 days prior to enrollment
• Females of childbearing potential must use at least one of the following acceptable birth control methods throughout the study and for 6 months after IP administration:
• Surgically sterile (bilateral tubal ligation, hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy) 6 months minimum prior to IP administration
• Intrauterine device in place for at least 90 days prior to receiving IP
• Barrier methods (diaphragm plus spermicide or condom) starting at least 30 days prior to receiving IP
• Abstinence (the subject must be willing to remain abstinent from screening to 6 months after receiving IP). Females are allowed to claim abstinence as their method of contraception only when it is the preferred and usual lifestyle of the subject
• Surgical sterilization of the partner(s) (vasectomy) for >180 days prior to IP administration
• Hormonal contraceptives starting > 90 days prior to IP. If hormonal contraceptives are started less than 90 days prior to receiving IP, subjects must agree to use a barrier method (diaphragm plus spermicide or condom) from screening through 90 days after initiation of hormonal contraceptives
• Males subjects capable of fathering a child:
• Must agree to use a condom from IP administration through 6 months after the time of IP administration
• Must agree not to donate sperm for 6 months after time of receiving IP
• Documented evidence of vasectomy in males for 180 days minimum prior to receiving IP is an acceptable form of contraception
• Males who claim abstinence as their method of contraception are allowed provided they agree to use barrier methods should they become sexually active from screening through 6 months after receiving IP. Males are allowed to claim abstinence as their method of contraception only when it is the preferred and usual lifestyle of the subject
• Ability to sign Informed Consent Form (ICF) and Release of Medical Information Form
• Appropriate candidate for protocol-specified intracoronary infusion in the judgment of the infusing interventional cardiologist Cohort 3: medical history documentation of PLN-R14Del mutation and an ICD in situ (at least 30 days prior to enrollment)
• Chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy
• Intravenous (IV) inotropic therapy, intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) or percutaneous cardiac assist device therapy within 30 days prior to enrollment
• Restrictive cardiomyopathy, obstructive cardiomyopathy, pericardial disease, amyloidosis, infiltrative cardiomyopathy, uncorrected thyroid disease, or dyskinetic LV aneurysm
• Cardiac surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) within 30 days prior to enrollment
• Third degree heart block
• Clinically significant myocardial infarction (MI) in the judgment of the subject's physician (e.g., ST elevation MI [STEMI] or large non-STEMI) within 6 months prior to enrollment
• Prior heart transplantation, left ventricular reduction surgery (LVRS), cardiomyoplasty, passive restraint device (e.g., CorCap™ Cardiac Support Device), surgically implanted LVAD or cardiac shunt
• Likely to receive cardiac resynchronization therapy, cardiomyoplasty, LV reduction surgery, heart transplant, conventional revascularization procedure, or valvular repair within 3 months of IP dosing
• Known hypersensitivity to contrast dyes used for angiography; history of, or likely need for, high-dose steroid pretreatment prior to contrast angiography
• Expected survival < 1 year in the judgment of the investigator
• Active or suspected infection within 48 hours prior to enrollment as evidenced by fever or positive culture
• Known intrinsic liver disease (e.g., cirrhosis, hepatitis A, chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus infection). If serology is positive and PCR is negative, subject may be eligible (confirm with medical monitor).
• Liver function tests (alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alkaline phosphatase) > 2x upper limit of normal (ULN) within 30 days prior to enrollment.
• Renal Failure, dialysis dependent or serum creatinine > 2.5 mg/dl within 30 days prior to enrollment
• Bleeding diathesis or thrombocytopenia defined as platelets <50,000 platelets/μL within 30 days prior to enrollment
• Anemia defined as hemoglobin <10 g/dL or transfusion dependent within 30 days prior to enrollment
• Neutropenia defined as absolute neutrophils <1500 mm3 within 30 days prior to enrollment
• Known AIDS or HIV-positive status, or a previous diagnosis of immunodeficiency with an absolute neutrophil count <1000 cells/mm3
• Previous participation in a study of gene transfer
• Receiving investigational intervention or participating in another clinical study within 30 days or within 5 half-lives of another investigational drug administration prior to administration of NAN-101 that may impact the therapeutic potential of NAN-101.
• Pregnancy or breastfeeding at the time of screening

1. Participant is < 21 years of age 2. Parent/ Legal Guardian/ Adult Participant can understand the consent process and is willing to provide informed consent/HIPAA: 3. (a) Participant is receiving one or more of the study drugs of interest at the time of enrollment or (b) Participant is NOT receiving one or more of the study drugs of interest but is SARS-COV-2 positive within 60 days prior to enrollment 1. Participant has a known pregnancy Below exclusion criteria apply only to: Participants receiving one or more of the study drugs of interest at the time of enrollment, DOI administration or PK sampling: (Refer to DOI specific appendices for details on enrollment cohort specifications and additional eligibility criteria) 2. Has had intermittent dialysis within previous 24 hours 3. Has had a kidney transplant within previous 30 days 4. Has had a liver transplant within previous 1 year 5. Has had a stem cell transplant within previous 1 year 6. Has had therapeutic hypothermia within previous 24 hours 7. Has had plasmapheresis within the previous 24 hours 8. Has a Ventricular Assist Device 9. Has any condition which would make the participant, in the opinion of the investigator, unsuitable for the study

General Inclusion Criteria 1. Patients ≥35 years old. 2. Carotid stenosis defined as:
• Stenosis ≥70% by catheter angiography (NASCET Criteria); OR
• by DUS with ≥70% stenosis defined by a peak systolic velocity of at least 230 cm/s plus at least one of the following: 1. an end diastolic velocity ≥100 cm/s, or 2. internal carotid/common carotid artery peak systolic velocity ratio ≥4.0, or 3. CTA with ≥ 70% stenosis, or 4. MRA with ≥ 70% stenosis. 3. No medical history of stroke or TIA ipsilateral to the stenosis within 180 days of randomization. Life-long asymptomatic patients will be defined as having no medical history of stroke or transient ischemic attack and negative responses to all of the symptom items on the Questionnaire for Verifying Stroke-free Status (QVSS).18 4. Patients must have a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 or 1 at the time of informed consent. 5. Women must not be of childbearing potential or, if of childbearing potential, have a negative pregnancy test prior to randomization. 6. Patients must agree to comply with all protocol-specified follow-up appointments. 7. Patients must sign a consent form that has been approved by the local governing Institutional Review Board (IRB)/Medical Ethics Committee (MEC) of the respective clinical site. 8. Randomization to treatment group will apply to only one carotid artery for patients with bilateral carotid stenosis. Management of the non-randomized stenosis may be done in accordance with local PI recommendation. Treatment of the non-study internal carotid artery must take place at least 30 days prior to randomization, or greater than 44 days after randomization and 30 days after the study procedure is completed (whichever is longer). 9. Carotid stenosis must be treatable with CEA, CAS, or either procedure. General Exclusion Criteria 1. Intolerance or allergic reaction to a study medication without a suitable management alternative. 2. GI hemorrhage within 1 month prior to enrollment that would preclude antiplatelet therapy. 3. Prior major ipsilateral stroke in the past with substantial residual disability (mRS ≥ 2) that is likely to confound study outcomes. 4. Severe dementia. 5. History of major symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage within 12 months that was not related to anticoagulation. 6. Prior Intracranial hemorrhage that the investigator believes represents a contraindication to the perioperative or periprocedural antithrombotic and antiplatelet treatments necessary to complete endarterectomy or stenting per protocol. 7. Current neurologic illness characterized by fleeting or fixed neurologic deficits that cannot be distinguished from TIA or stroke. 8. Patient objects to future blood transfusions. 9. Platelet count <100,000/microliter or history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. 10. Anticoagulation with Phenprocoumon (Marcumar®), warfarin, or a direct thrombin inhibitor, or anti-Xa agents. 11. Chronic atrial fibrillation. 12. Any episode of atrial fibrillation within the past 6 months or history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation that is deemed to require chronic anticoagulation. 13. Other high-risk cardiac sources of emboli, including left ventricular aneurysm, severe cardiomyopathy, aortic or mitral mechanical heart valve, severe calcific aortic stenosis (valve area < 1.0 cm2), endocarditis, moderate to severe mitral stenosis, left atrial thrombus, or any intracardiac mass, or known unrepaired PFO with prior paradoxical embolism. 14. Unstable angina defined as rest angina with ECG changes that is not amenable to revascularization (patients should undergo planned coronary revascularization at least 30 days before randomization). 15. Left Ventricular Ejection fraction <30% or admission for heart failure in prior 6 months. 16. Respiratory insufficiency with life expectancy < 4 years or FEV1 <30% of predicted value. 17. Known malignancy other than basal cell non-melanoma skin cancer. There are two exceptions to this rule: patients with prior cancer treatment and no recurrence for >5 years are eligible for enrollment and cancer patients with life expectancy of greater than 5 years are eligible for enrollment. 18. Any major surgery, major trauma, revascularization procedure, or acute coronary syndrome within the past 1 month. 19. Either the serum creatinine is ≥ 2.5 mg/dl or the estimated GFR is < 30 cc/min. 20. Major (non-carotid) surgery/procedures planned within 3 months after enrollment. 21. Currently listed or being evaluated for major organ transplantation (i.e. heart, lung, liver, kidney). 22. Actively participating in another drug or aortic arch or cerebrovascular device trial for which participation in CREST-2 would be compromised with regard to follow-up assessment of outcomes or continuation in CREST-2. 23. Inability to understand and cooperate with study procedures or provide informed consent. 24. Non-atherosclerotic carotid stenosis (dissection, fibromuscular dysplasia, or stenosis following radiation therapy). 25. Previous ipsilateral CEA or CAS. 26. Ipsilateral internal or common carotid artery occlusion. 27. Intra-carotid floating thrombus. 28. Ipsilateral intracranial aneurysm > 5 mm. 29. Extreme morbid obesity that would compromise patient safety during the procedure or would compromise patient safety during the periprocedural period. 30. Coronary artery disease with two or more proximal or major diseased coronary arteries with 70% stenosis that have not, or cannot, be revascularized. Specific carotid endarterectomy exclusion criteria Patients who are being considered for revascularization by CEA must not have any of the following criteria: 1. Serious adverse reaction to anesthesia not able to be overcome by pre-medication. 2. Distal/intracranial stenosis greater than index lesion. 3. Any of the following anatomical: radical neck dissection; surgically inaccessible lesions (e.g. above cervical spine level 2 (C2)); adverse neck anatomy that limits surgical exposure (e.g. spinal immobility
•inability to flex neck beyond neutral or kyphotic deformity, or short obese neck); presence of tracheostomy stoma; laryngeal nerve palsy contralateral to target vessel; or previous extracranial-intracranial or subclavian bypass procedure ipsilateral to the target vessel. Specific Carotid Artery Stenting Exclusion Criteria Patients who are being considered for revascularization by CAS must not have any of the following criteria: 1. Allergy to intravascular contrast dye not amenable to pre-medication. 2. Type III, aortic arch anatomy. 3. Angulation or tortuosity (≥ 90 degree) of the innominate and common carotid artery that precludes safe, expeditious sheath placement or that will transmit a severe loop to the internal carotid after sheath placement. 4. Severe angulation or tortuosity of the internal carotid artery (including calyceal origin from the carotid bifurcation) that precludes safe deployment of embolic protection device or stent. Severe tortuosity is defined as 2 or more ≥ 90 degree angles within 4 cm of the target stenosis. 5. Proximal/ostial CCA, innominate stenosis or distal/intracranial stenosis greater than index lesion. Excessive circumferential calcification of the stenotic lesion defined as >3mm thickness of calcification seen in orthogonal views on fluoroscopy.(Note: Anatomic considerations such as tortuosity, arch anatomy, and calcification must be evaluated even more carefully in elderly subjects (≥ 70 years).) 6. Target ICA vessel reference diameter <4.0 mm or >9.0 mm. Target ICA measurements may be made from angiography of the contralateral artery. The reference diameter must be appropriate for the devices to be used. 7. Inability to deploy or utilize an FDA-approved Embolic Protection Device (EPD). 8. Non-contiguous lesions and long lesions (>3 cm). 9. Qualitative characteristics of stenosis and stenosis-length of the carotid bifurcation (common carotid) and/or ipsilateral external carotid artery, that preclude safe sheath placement. 10. Occlusive or critical ilio-femoral disease including severe tortuosity or stenosis that necessitates additional endovascular procedures to facilitate access to the aortic arch or that prevents safe and expeditious femoral access to the aortic arch. "String sign" of the ipsilateral common or internal carotid artery. 11. Angiographic, CT, MR or ultrasound evidence of severe atherosclerosis of the aortic arch or origin of the innominate or common carotid arteries that would preclude safe passage of the sheath and other endovascular devices to the target artery as needed for carotid stenting.

• Target population: greater than or equal to (>=) 18 (or the legal age of consent in the jurisdiction in which the study is taking place) years of age
• Target population: Symptomatic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) in World Health Organization Functional Class (WHO FC) II, III, or IV
• Target population: PAH subtype falling in one of the below classifications: Idiopathic; Heritable; Drug- or toxin-induced; Related to: Connective tissue disease, HIV infection, Portal hypertension, and Congenital heart disease with small/coincidental cardiac defect with systemic-to-pulmonary shunt (for example atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, atrioventricular septal defect) which does not account for the elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) or persistent PAH documented by an Right heart catheterization (RHC) >= 1 year after simple systemic-to pulmonary shunt repair
• PAH diagnosis confirmed by hemodynamic evaluation at rest at any time prior to screening: Mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) greater than (>) 20 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), and; Pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) or left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) less than or equal to (<=) 15 mm Hg, and PVR >= 3 Wood Units (that is, >= 240 dyn*sec/cm^5)
• Able to perform the 6-minute walking test (6MWT) with a minimum distance of 50 meters (m) and maximum distance of 440m at screening. Participants able to walk more than 440m at screening are eligible if they are in WHO FC III or IV and n-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide or n-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level is >=300 nanograms per liter (ng/L) at screening, based on central laboratory results
• Known presence of three or more of the following risk factors for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction at screening, based on records that confirm documented medical history: Body mass index (BMI) > 30 kilograms per meter square (kg/m^2), Diabetes mellitus of any type, Essential hypertension (even if well controlled); Coronary artery disease, that is, any of the following: history of stable angina, or known more than 50 percent (%) stenosis in a coronary artery, or history of myocardial infarction, or history of or planned coronary artery bypass grafting and/or coronary artery stenting
• Presence of moderate or severe obstructive lung disease (forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1] / forced vital capacity [FVC] < 70%; and FEV1 < 60% of predicted after bronchodilator administration) ) in participants with a known or suspected history of significant lung disease as documented by a spirometry test performed within 1 year prior to screening
• Known moderate to severe hepatic impairment, defined as Child-Pugh Class B or C, based on records that confirm documented medical history
• Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and/or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) > 1.5*upper limit of normal (ULN) at screening
• Hemoglobin < 100 gram per liter (g/L) (< 10 gram per deciliter [g/dL]) at screening

The following is a list of general inclusion criteria:
• Age ≥ 18 years
• Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) < 30%
• NYHA Class III with dyspnea upon mild physical activity or Class IV heart failure
• Inotrope dependent OR Cardiac Index (CI) < 2.2 L/min/m2, while not on inotropes
• Patient is able to provide written informed consent
• More detailed inclusion criteria information is noted in the study protocol 1. Etiology of heart failure due to or associated with uncorrected thyroid disease, obstructive cardiomyopathy, pericardial disease, amyloidosis, or restrictive cardiomyopathy 2. Technical obstacles which pose an inordinately high surgical risk 3. Existence of ongoing mechanical circulatory support (MCS) other than IABP and Impella 5.0 or 5.5 4. Ongoing Impella (5.0 or 5.5) presenting related clinical sign (i.e. hematuria) and elevated LDH equal or greater than 600 IU/L. 5. Positive pregnancy test if of childbearing potential 6. Presence of mechanical aortic cardiac valve that will not be either converted to a bioprosthesis 7. History of any organ transplant 8. Platelet count <100,000/mL 9. Psychiatric disease/disorder, irreversible cognitive dysfunction or psychosocial issues 10. History of confirmed, untreated abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) > 5 cm in diameter within 6 months of enrollment 11. Presence of an active, uncontrolled infection 12. Intolerance to anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapies or any other peri/postoperative therapy that the investigator will require based upon the patient's health status 13. Presence of remarkable pre-defined end-organ dysfunction. 14. Patient has moderate to severe aortic insufficiency without plans for correction during pump implant 15. Low albumin
•removed from recent exclusion criteria 16. Planned Bi-VAD support prior to enrollment 17. Patient has known hypo- or hyper coagulable state such as disseminated intravascular coagulation and heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) 18. Participation in any other clinical investigation that is likely to confound study results or affect the study 19. Any condition other than heart failure that could limit survival to less than 24 months 20. Patients refusing blood transfusion