Key 1. Histologically confirmed locally advanced, metastatic, and/or unresectable GIST. Molecular pathology report must be available for Part 2; if molecular pathology report is unavailable or inadequate, an archival or fresh tumor tissue sample will be required to evaluate mutational status prior to randomization. 2. Documented disease progression on or intolerance to imatinib 3. Subjects must have received the following treatment:
• Part 1a: Treatment with ≥1 prior lines of therapy for GIST
• Part 1b: Treatment with ≥2 prior TKI for GISTs
• Part 2: Prior treatment with imatinib only 4. Have at least 1 measurable lesion according to mRECIST v1.1 5. ECOG
•0 to 2 6. Have clinically acceptable local laboratory screening results (clinical chemistry and hematology) within certain limits Key 1. Known PDGFR driving mutations or known succinate dehydrogenase deficiency 2. Clinically significant cardiac disease 3. Major surgeries (eg, abdominal laparotomy) within 4 weeks of the first dose of study drug 4. Gastrointestinal abnormalities including, but not limited to, significant nausea and vomiting, malabsorption, external biliary shunt, or significant bowel resection that would preclude adequate absorption 5. Any active bleeding excluding hemorrhoidal or gum bleeding 6. Seropositive for HIV 1 or 2, or positive for hepatitis B surface antigen or hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody. 7. Active, uncontrolled, systemic bacterial, fungal, or viral infections at Screening 8. Received strong CYP3A4 inhibitors or inducers 9. Received sunitinib within 3 weeks (Part 1a, Part 1b)

• Age > 18 years at the time of consent.
• Histological confirmation of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
• For those patients with oropharyngeal cancer, subjects must have either
• HPV-negative status by p16 expression or HPV-DNA Expression.
• HPV-positive status by p16 expression AND a >10 pack year smoking history.
• Subjects must be appropriate candidates for definitive curative intent treatment, either via surgical resection, definitive radiation therapy alone, or definitive concurrent chemoradiation therapy.
• For the screening research biopsy, subjects must have sufficient tumor volume (approximately 10 cc) to accommodate at minimum 2-3 core samples for the research biopsy.
• For the post-treatment (CTX/Imatinib) research biopsy, subjects who are scheduled to receive definitive radiation therapy (+/- concurrent chemotherapy) are required to have sufficient tumor volume to accommodate at minimum 2-3 core samples for the research biopsy.
• Demonstrate adequate organ function; all screening labs to be obtained within 28 days prior to registration.
• Subjects with a diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, or salivary gland tumors are excluded from this study.
• Other concurrent severe and/or uncontrolled concomitant medical conditions (e.g. active or uncontrolled infection, uncontrolled diabetes) that could cause unacceptable safety risks or compromise compliance with the protocol.
• Prior chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or major surgery within 8 weeks of study enrollment or those who have not recovered (to grade ≤ 1 or baseline) from clinically significant adverse events due to agents administered more than 8 weeks earlier (alopecia and fatigue excluded). Clinical significance to be determined by the study investigator.
• Subjects who have had chemotherapy or radiotherapy within 4 weeks (6 weeks for nitrosoureas or mitomycin C) prior to entering the study.
• Subjects who are receiving any other investigational agents.
• History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to imatinib or CTX.

General (applies to all cohorts) 1. Signed written informed consent. 2. Male or female patients aged ≥ 18 years. 3. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1 at study entry and an estimated life expectancy of at least 3 months. 4. Adequate hematological function. 5. Adequate hepatic function. 6. Adequate renal function. 7. Effective contraception for women of child bearing potential (WOCBP) patients as defined by World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for 1 "highly effective" method or 2 "effective" methods. Dose Escalation (Monotherapy and Combination) 1. Histologically or cytologically proven locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors of epithelial origin with documented EGFR expression on tumor tissue by IHC and must have progressed on standard of care therapy. 2. Evidence of objective disease, but participation does not require a measurable lesion. Safety PK/PD Expansion Cohorts 1. Histologically or cytologically proven locally advanced or metastatic solid tumor from the following list, where standard therapy has failed, that has been confirmed to have EGFR expression via archival or fresh biopsy tissue prior to study enrollment. i. NSCLC ii. HNSCC iii. CRC iv. Esophageal adenocarcinoma v. Gastric cancer vi. Renal cell carcinoma vii. Pancreatic cancer 2. Disease must be measurable with at least 1 unidimensional measurable lesion by RECIST 1.1. 3. Able and willing to have a fresh tumor biopsy obtained during the screening window and an on-treatment biopsy for pharmacodynamic analysis. Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) Expansion Cohorts 1. Histologically or cytologically documented relapsed or metastatic HNSCC that has been confirmed to have EGFR expression via archival or fresh biopsy tissue prior to study enrollment. Primary tumor locations include oropharynx, oral cavity, hypopharynx, or larynx. Participants may not have a primary tumor site of nasopharynx (any histology). 2. Participants must have radiographic disease progression while on or after having received both platinum-based chemotherapy and an anti-PD-(L)1 antibody, administered either concurrent or sequentially. 3. Documented EGFR expression by IHC. 4. Able and willing to have a fresh tumor biopsy obtained during the screening window and an on-treatment biopsy for pharmacodynamic analysis. Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Expansion Cohorts 1. Histologically or cytologically documented relapsed or metastatic colorectal cancer that has been confirmed to have EGFR expression via archival or fresh biopsy tissue prior to study enrollment. 2. Must have received 1 line of either FOLFOX, CAPOX, FOLFIRI, or FOLFOXIRI with or without a biological agent. Prior treatment with an anti-EGFR antibody is required for RAS wild-type participants. 3. Participants cannot be known mismatch repair (MMR)/MSI high. 4. Participants must not have received an anti-PD-(L)1. 5. Participants must have radiographic disease progression while or after receiving treatment for their advanced (recurrent/unresectable/metastatic) disease. 6. Presence of at least 1 tumor lesion accessible for biopsy. A fresh tumor biopsy must be obtained and shipped for analysis at the Sponsor-designated laboratory during the screening window and while on study treatment in accordance with the study Laboratory Manual. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Expansion Cohorts 1. Histologically confirmed NSCLC meeting stage criteria for stage IIIB, stage IV (per the 7th IASCLC classification of NSCLC), or recurrent disease that has been confirmed to have EGFR expression via archival or fresh biopsy tissue prior to study enrollment. 2. Patients must have recurrent or progressive disease during or after first line combination therapy with checkpoint inhibitors and platinum-based chemotherapy. They must not have received any subsequent lines of therapy. 3. Patients with Stage IIIB must be ineligible for local therapies with curative intent (eg, radiotherapy or surgery). 4. Patients must have received and progressed on or after anti-PD-(L)1 therapy including those with actionable genomic alterations. 5. Status for actionable mutations (EGFR, ALK, ROS1, RET, etc.) must be known (when testing is available as per country/region standard of care practices); patients with actionable mutations must have received and progressed on, have been intolerant to, or not be a candidate for standard TKIs (as available per country/region standard of care practices). 6. Presence of at least 1 tumor lesion accessible for biopsy. A fresh tumor biopsy must be obtained and shipped for analysis at the Sponsor-designated laboratory during the screening window and while on study treatment in accordance with the study Laboratory Manual. 1. Participants must not have had chemotherapy, radiotherapy (other than palliative bone-directed radiotherapy), or major surgery, or received another investigational agent within 28 days or 5-half-lives of the drug (if known), whichever is shorter, before the start of study treatment. 2. Concurrent anticancer treatment (eg, cytoreductive therapy, radiotherapy [except for palliative bone-directed radiotherapy], immune therapy, or cytokine therapy [except for erythropoietin]), major surgery (excluding prior diagnostic biopsy), concurrent systemic therapy with steroids or other immunosuppressive agents, or use of any investigational drug within 28 days or 5-half-lives of the drug (if known), whichever is shorter, before the start of study treatment. Short-term administration of systemic steroids (eg, for allergic reactions or the management of irAEs) is allowed. Note: Participants receiving bisphosphonate or denosumab are eligible, provided treatment was initiated at least 14 days before the first dose of DF9001. 3. Previous malignant disease other than the target malignancy to be investigated in this study within the last 3 years, with the exception of basal or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, low-grade prostate cancer (Gleason score of ≤6), or cervical carcinoma in situ. 4. Life expectancy of less than 3 months. 5. Participants with brain metastases are excluded, unless all of the following criteria are met:
• Central nervous system (CNS) lesions are asymptomatic, previously treated and no active therapy is required (i.e., no steroids for edema).
• Imaging demonstrates stability of disease 28 days from last treatment for CNS metastases. 6. Receipt of any organ transplantation, including autologous or allogeneic stem-cell transplantation. 7. Significant acute or chronic infections (including historic positive test for human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], or active or latent hepatitis B or active hepatitis C tested during the screening window). If HBsAg is negative and the anti-hepatitis B core antibody is positive, then hepatitis B viral DNA load must be undetectable. 8. Preexisting autoimmune disease (except for participants with vitiligo) needing treatment with systemic immunosuppressive agents for more than 28 days within the last 3 years, or clinically relevant immunodeficiencies (eg, dysgammaglobulinemia or congenital immunodeficiencies). Participants with a history of immune related endocrinopathies (e.g. hypothyroidism, type 1 diabetes mellitus [TIDM] and adrenal insufficiency) that are stable on hormone replacement therapy may be eligible for this study. 9. Participants with a known medical history that may place them at risk of known toxicities of EGFR-blockage.
• History of or ongoing keratitis, ulcerative keratitis, or corneal perforation,
• History of cardiopulmonary arrest unless this was caused by an acute, reversible etiology that is no longer present.
• History of or ongoing pulmonary fibrosis or interstitial lung disease. 10. Known severe hypersensitivity reactions to monoclonal antibodies (≥Grade 3 of the NCI-CTCAE v5.0), any history of anaphylaxis, or uncontrolled asthma (ie, 3 or more features of partly controlled asthma). 11. Persisting toxicity related to prior therapy >Grade 1 NCI-CTCAE v5.0; however, alopecia ≤Grade 2, endocrinopathies ≤Grade 2, and sensory neuropathy ≤Grade 2 is acceptable. 12. Participants who have received an anti-PD-(L)1 as a previous line of therapy are eligible for the study, unless they have experienced either:
• a Grade 3 or 4 drug-related toxicity during and attributed to treatment with the anti-PD-(L)1.
• a Grade 2 drug-related toxicity that impacted either the lungs or the nervous system, caused by the administration of the anti-PD-(L)1. 13. Pregnancy or lactation in females during the study. 14. Known alcohol or drug abuse. 15. Serious cardiac illness or medical conditions, including but not limited to:
• History of New York Heart Association class III or IV heart failure or systolic dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] <55%).
• High-risk uncontrolled arrhythmias (eg, tachycardia with a heart rate >100/min at rest).
• Significant ventricular arrhythmia (ventricular tachycardia) or higher-grade atrioventricular (AV) block (eg, AV-block, second degree AV block Type 2 [Mobitz 2], or third-degree AV-block).
• Angina pectoris requiring anti-anginal medication.
• Clinically significant valvular heart disease.
• Evidence of transmural infarction on ECGs.
• Poorly controlled hypertension (defined as systolic >160 mm Hg or diastolic >100 mm Hg).
• Clinically relevant uncontrolled cardiac risk factors, clinically relevant pulmonary disease, or any clinically relevant medical condition in the opinion of the Investigator that may limit participation in this study.
• Severe dyspnea at rest due to complications of advanced malignancy or requiring supplementary oxygen therapy. 16. All other significant diseases (eg, inflammatory bowel disease), which, in the opinion of the Investigator, might impair the participant's ability to participate. 17. Any psychiatric condition that would prohibit the understanding or rendering of informed consent. 18. Legal incapacity or limited legal capacity. 19. Incapable of giving signed informed consent, which includes compliance with the requirements and restrictions listed in the ICF and in this protocol.

• Histologically confirmed diagnosis of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) with < 10% CD30 expression by immunohistochemistry in the following subtypes (by local review): nodal T-cell lymphoma with T-follicular helper (TFH) phenotype (TFH-PTCL), follicular T-cell lymphoma, PTCL-not otherwise specified (NOS), angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma, monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma
• Patients with expression of CD30 in >= 10% of the tumor (based on local immunohistochemistry review) regardless of histology will not be permitted
• Patients with a diagnosis of other PTCL subtype histologies other than those specified in the inclusion criteria are excluded including large cell transformation of mycosis fungoides
• Patients will be stratified by presence or absence of TFH phenotype (i.e. diagnosis of AITL, TFH-PTCL, follicular T-cell lymphoma) based on local review of pathology. Determination of TFH phenotype can be defined by expression of two or more of the following markers CD10, BCL6, CXCL13, ICOS, and PD1 by immunohistochemistry
• Measurable disease as defined by the Lugano criteria
• No prior systemic therapy for lymphoma (excluding corticosteroids)
• Not pregnant and not nursing, because this study involves an investigational agent whose genotoxic, mutagenic and teratogenic effects on the developing fetus and newborn are unknown. Therefore, for women of childbearing potential only, a negative urine or serum pregnancy test done =< 7 days prior to registration is required
• Age >= 18 years
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status =< 2
• Platelet count >= 75,000/mm^3 (>= 50,000/mm^3 if secondary to bone marrow involvement from lymphoma per investigator assessment; the first 12 patients on each arm of the study must have platelets >= 75,000/mm^3 regardless of bone marrow involvement)
• Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1,000/mm^3
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) =< 3.0 x upper limit of normal (ULN) * Except in subjects with documented liver involvement by lymphoma
• Calculated creatinine clearance >= 30 mL/min by Cockcroft-Gault formula
• Total bilirubin =< 2.0 x ULN * Except in cases of Gilbert's Syndrome or documented liver or pancreatic involvement by lymphoma
• Archival tissue must be available for submission
• Patients known to have HTLV 1/2 are excluded
• Patients with known central nervous system involvement are excluded
• No active viral infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B, or hepatitis C. Those who are seropositive (e.g. hepatitis B core antibody [Ab] positive) are permitted if they are negative by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Those who are seropositive for hepatitis B and are negative for hepatitis B virus (HBV) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by PCR must receive concomitant hepatitis B directed antiviral therapy. Those who have hepatitis C Ab positivity who have completed curative therapy for hepatitis C with negative hepatitis C PCR are eligible
• Patients with history of HIV are eligible if they have an undetectable viral load for at least 6 months
• No active uncontrolled systemic fungal, bacterial or viral infection (defined as ongoing signs/symptoms related to the infection without improvement despite appropriate antibiotics, antiviral therapy and/or other treatment). Patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viremia related to their lymphoma are permitted
• No concurrent malignancy requiring active therapy within the last 3 years with the exception of basal cell carcinoma limited to the skin, squamous cell carcinoma limited to the skin, carcinoma in situ of the cervix, breast or localized prostate cancer. Adjuvant hormonal therapy for cancer previously treated for curative intent is permitted
• Patients must have documented left ventricular ejection fraction of >= 45%
• No significant active cardiac disease within the previous 6 months including:
• New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV congestive heart failure
• Unstable angina or angina requiring surgical or medical intervention; and/or
• Myocardial infarction
• No contraindication to any drug in the chemotherapy regimen, including neuropathy >= grade 2
• Chronic concomitant treatment with strong inhibitors of CYP3A4 is not allowed on this study. Patients on strong CYP3A4 inhibitors must discontinue the drug for 14 days prior to registration on the study. Chronic concomitant treatment with strong CYP3A4 inducers is not allowed. Patients must discontinue the drug 14 days prior to the start of study treatment

• Patients must have developed their first or second distant brain relapse(s) at least 8 weeks after upfront SRS and within 21 days prior to randomization
• Distant brain relapse lesions to be treated must measure =< 3.0 cm in maximal extent and total volume of distant brain relapses to be treated must measure < 30 mL on the contrast-enhanced diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scan obtained within 21 days prior to randomization
• Distant brain relapse lesions must be diagnosed on MRI, which will include the following elements:
• REQUIRED MRI ELEMENTS
• Post gadolinium contrast-enhanced T1-weighted three-dimensional (3D) spoiled gradient (SPGR). Acceptable 3D SPGR sequences include magnetization-prepared 3D gradient recalled echo (GRE) rapid gradient echo (MP-RAGE), turbo field echo (TFE) MRI, BRAVO (brain volume imaging) or 3D fast FE (field echo). The T1-weighted 3D scan should use the smallest possible axial slice thickness, not to exceed 1.5 mm
• Pre-contrast T1 weighted imaging (3D imaging sequence strongly encouraged)
• A minimum of one axial T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) (preferred) or T2 sequence is required. This can be acquired as a 2D or 3D image. If 2D, the images should be obtained in the axial plane
• ADDITIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS
• Recommendation is that an axial T2 FLAIR (preferred) sequence be performed instead of a T2 sequence
• Recommendation is that that pre-contrast 3D T1 be performed with the same parameters as the post-contrast 3D T1
• Recommendation is that imaging be performed on a 3 Tesla (3T) MRI
• Recommendation is that the study participants be scanned on the same MRI instrument at each time point
• Recommendation is that if additional sequences are obtained, these should meet the criteria outlined in Kaufmann et al., 2020
• If additional sequences are obtained, total imaging time should not exceed 60 minutes
• Brain metastasis velocity (BMV) since upfront SRS must be >= 4 brain metastases/year
• The patient or a legally authorized representative must provide study-specific informed consent prior to study entry
• Pathologically (histologically or cytologically) proven diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, breast cancer, renal cell carcinoma, or gastrointestinal cancer within 10 years prior to randomization. If the original histologic proof of malignancy is greater than 10 years, then pathological (i.e., more recent) confirmation is required (e.g., from a systemic metastasis or brain metastasis)
• Other histologies are not permitted
• History and physical examination within 28 days prior to randomization
• Karnofsky performance status of >= 70 within 28 days prior to randomization
• Calculated creatinine clearance (CrCl) >= 30 ml/min (within 28 days prior to randomization)
• Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) within 1.5 times the institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) (e.g., if the ULN is 20 mg/dL, then BUN up to 30 mg/dL is permitted) (within 28 days prior to randomization)
• Negative urine or serum pregnancy test (in women of childbearing potential) within 14 days prior to randomization
• Prior WBRT or prophylactic cranial irradiation
• Local relapse of metastasis previously treated with upfront SRS (i.e., relapse outside previously SRS-treated metastases is allowed)
• Brain metastases from primary germ cell tumor, small cell carcinoma, or lymphoma
• Definitive leptomeningeal metastasis
• Planned cytotoxic chemotherapy on the same day as SRS or HA-WBRT; concurrent immunotherapy is permitted
• Radiographic evidence of enlargement or other architectural distortion of the lateral ventricles, including placement of external ventricular drain or ventriculoperitoneal shunt
• Known history of demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis
• Inability to swallow pills
• Contraindication to MR imaging such as non-MR conditional implanted metal devices or unknown metallic foreign bodies, or contraindication to gadolinium contrast administration during MR imaging, such as anaphylactic allergy that cannot be adequately addressed with pre-contrast medications or acute kidney injury
• Contraindications to memantine, including:
• Allergy, including prior allergic reaction to memantine
• Intractable seizures on adequate anticonvulsive therapy-more than 1 seizure per month for the past 2 months
• Current use of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) agonist
• Current alcohol or drug abuse, which can exacerbate lethargy/dizziness with memantine
• Severe, active co-morbidity defined as follows:
• Unstable angina and/or congestive heart failure requiring hospitalization within the last 6 months
• Transmural myocardial infarction within the last 6 months
• Acute bacterial or fungal infection requiring intravenous antibiotics at the time of randomization
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation or other acute respiratory illness precluding study therapy at the time of randomization
• Severe hepatic disease defined as a diagnosis of Child-Pugh class B or C hepatic disease
• Renal tubular acidosis or metabolic acidosis
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive with CD4 count < 200 cells/microliter. Note that patients who are HIV positive are eligible, provided they are under treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and have a CD4 count >= 200 cells/microliter within 30 days prior to randomization. Note also that HIV testing is not required for eligibility for this protocol
• Pregnant or lactating women, or women of childbearing potential and men who are sexually active and not willing/able to use medically acceptable forms of contraception; this exclusion is necessary because the medication and radiation involved in this study has unknown effects on the unborn fetus

• Participants must have a documented erosive lesion with an Los Angeles (LA) Grade of A to D prior to starting Proton Pump Inhibitor treatment:
• Capable of giving signed informed consent/assent
• Willingness and ability of the participant or parent/legal guardian to complete the eDiary
• Willing and able to comply with all scheduled visits, treatment plan, laboratory tests, lifestyle considerations, and other study procedures, including the use of the eDiary.
• Male and female participants aged 1 to 17 years.
• Minimum body weight 7 kilogram and weight at least at the 5th percentile per the Center for Disease Control standard age and weight chart, for the participant's age.
• To be considered a female of non childbearing potential, the participant must meet at least 1 of the following criteria :
• Premenarchal: The investigator (or other appropriate staff) must discuss the participant's premenarchal status with the participant and parent/legal guardian at office visits and during telephone contacts, as participants who achieve menarche during the study would no longer be considered "female participants of non childbearing potential" and must comply with the protocol requirements applicable to women of childbearing potential.
• Previous administration of an investigational drug or vaccine within 30 days (or as determined by the local requirement) or 5 half-lives preceding the first dose of study intervention used in this study (whichever is longer).
• Children that may be at high risk from procedural sedation should be carefully evaluated. Participants with a history of complications during prior procedural sedation
• History or presence of upper gastrointestinal anatomic or motor disorders
• Family history of malignant hyperthermia
• Known hypersensitivity to any Proton Pump Inhibitor, including pantoprazole or to any substituted benzimidazole or to any of the excipients.
• Any disorder requiring chronic (daily) use of warfarin, heparin, other anticoagulants, methotrexate, atazanavir or nelfinavir, clopidogrel, or potent inhibitors or inducers of CYP2C19 (eg, phenytoin, sulfamethoxazole, valproic acid, carbamazepine, and griseofulvin).
• Serum creatine kinase levels >3 x upper limit of normal.
• Known history of human immunodeficiency virus or clinical manifestations of acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
• Active malignancy of any type, or history of a malignancy. Participants with a history of malignancies that have been surgically removed or eradicated by irradiation or chemotherapy and who have no evidence of recurrence for at least 5 years before Screening are acceptable.
• Diagnosed as having or has received treatment for esophageal, gastric, pyloric channel, or duodenal ulceration within 30 days before the Screening visit.
• Alanine aminotransferase or blood urea nitrogen >2.0 upper limit of normal or estimated creatinine >1.5 X upper limit of normal for age or any other laboratory abnormality considered by the Investigator to be clinically significant within 14 days before the Baseline Visit (Day 1).
• Other acute or chronic medical or psychiatric condition including recent (within the past year) or active suicidal ideation or behavior or laboratory abnormality that may increase the risk associated with study participation or study intervention administration or may interfere with the interpretation of study results and, in the judgment of the investigator, would make the participant inappropriate for entry into this study.
• Has, in the Investigator's opinion, a serious chronic condition (eg, diabetes, epilepsy), which is either not stable or not well controlled and may interfere with the conduct of the study.
• Has any condition possibly affecting drug absorption (eg, gastrectomy). Prior or Concomitant Therapy:
• Frequent, repeated use of oral or parenteral glucocorticoids (eg, prednisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone). Steroid inhalers and topical steroids may be used.
• Pregnant female participants; breastfeeding female participants.
• Is unwilling or unable to comply with the Lifestyle Considerations section

• have documented evidence of rCDI (≥1 recurrence after a primary CDI episode)
• be undergoing antibiotic treatment for the qualifying rCDI episode that was diagnosed by a stool test for the presence of toxigenic C. difficile or C. difficile toxin
• be eligible for FMT as judged by the investigator or current treatment guidelines for rCDI in the US
• be a candidate for colonoscopy as judged by the investigator
• Use or planned use of systemic antibiotics for an indication other than the qualifying rCDI episode.
• Current uncontrolled chronic diarrhea not related to CDI.
• Receipt of CDI vaccine or treatment with CDI monoclonal antibodies within the past 12 months before screening.
• Evidence of active, severe, or fulminant colitis, diagnosis of toxic megacolon or have a current colostomy or ileostomy

1. Patients with cytologically or histologically confirmed BTC by AJCC version 8. 2. Patients must have late stage (locally advanced, recurrent or metastatic) BTC. Patients must not have received systemic treatment for advanced disease. Prior adjuvant therapy is allowed as long as recurrences occurred 6 months or later from all treatment completion. 3. Written informed consent and HIPAA authorization for release of personal health information. NOTE: HIPAA authorization may be included in the informed consent or obtained separately. 4. Age ≥ 18 years at the time of consent. 5. ECOG Performance Status of 0-2 within 28 days prior to registration. 6. Presence of measurable or evaluable disease, as defined by RECIST v1.1. 7. Adequate organ function as detailed in the protocol. 8. Females of childbearing potential who are sexually active with a male able to father a child must have a negative pregnancy test (serum or urine) within 14 days prior to registration. 9. Females of childbearing potential who are sexually active with a male able to father a child must be willing to abstain from heterosexual vaginal intercourse or use an effective method(s) of contraception from the time of informed consent, during the study and for up to 120 days after the last dose of study drug(s). Males able to father a child must be willing to abstain from heterosexual vaginal intercourse or to use an effective method(s) of contraception from initiation of treatment, during the study and for up to 120 days after the last dose of study drug(s). See the protocol for specific timeframes for each drug. 10. Ability of the subject to understand and comply with study procedures for the entire length of the study, as determined by the enrolling physician or protocol designee. 1. Prior therapy with gemcitabine, cisplatin, or any immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of BTC. 2. Known hypersensitivity to recombinant proteins, or any excipient contained in treatment medication formulations. 3. Active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in the past 2 years (i.e., with use of disease modifying agents, corticosteroids or immunosuppressive drugs). Replacement therapy (e.g., thyroxine, insulin, or physiologic corticosteroid replacement therapy for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency, etc.) is not considered a form of systemic treatment. NOTE: participants with asthma who require intermittent use of bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, or local corticosteroid injections will not be excluded from this study. 4. History of solid organ or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. 5. Pregnant or breastfeeding. NOTE: breast milk cannot be stored for future use while the mother is being treated on study. 6. Patients with a prior or concurrent malignancy whose natural history or treatment has the potential to interfere with the safety or efficacy assessment of the investigational regimen are not eligible for this trial. 7. Untreated central nervous system (CNS) metastasis. Screening of asymptomatic patients for CNS metastasis is not required for enrollment. 8. Underlying medical conditions that, in the Investigator's or Sponsor's opinion, will make the administration of IP(s) hazardous, including but not limited to
• Interstitial lung disease, including history of interstitial lung disease or non-infectious pneumonitis.
• Active viral, bacterial, or fungal infections requiring parenteral treatment within 14 days of the initiation of the study treatments. 9. History of trauma or major surgery within 28 days prior to the first dose of IP. (Note that placement of central venous access catheter (e.g., port or similar) is not considered a major surgical procedure. 10. Treatment with palliative radiation therapy within 14 days of study treatment initiation. 11. Has known psychiatric or substance abuse disorders that would interfere with cooperation with the requirements of the trial. 12. Significant dementia or other mental condition that precludes the participant's ability to consent to the study. 13. Use of any live vaccines against infectious diseases within 4 weeks (28 days) of initiation of investigational products.

• Patients must have histologically or cytologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the pancreas that is metastatic or unresectable and for which standard curative or palliative measures do not exist or are no longer effective
• Patients must have had disease progression on or after fluorouracil (5-FU)-based therapy for metastatic or unresectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). If received gemcitabine-based regimen as adjuvant therapy, then gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel (if used) should be >12 months from study enrollment. Prior use of gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel for metastatic or unresectable disease is not allowed
• Age >= 18 years. Because no dosing or adverse event data are currently available on the use of CA-4948 in combination with gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel in patients < 18 years of age, children are excluded from this study
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status =< 2 (Karnofsky >= 60%)
• Absolute neutrophil count >= 1,500/mcL
• Platelets >= 100,000/mcL
• Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal (ULN)
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT])/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase [SGPT]) =< 3 x institutional ULN
• Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >= 60 mL/min (based on the calculated Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration [CKD-EPI] glomerular filtration rate estimation)
• Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) elevation at the screening < grade 2 (creatine phosphokinase [CPK] =< 2.5 ULN)
• Patients on a cholesterol lowering statin must be on a stable dose with no dose changes within 3 weeks prior to study start
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients on effective anti-retroviral therapy with undetectable viral load within 6 months are eligible for this trial as long as their anti-retroviral therapy does not have the potential for drug-drug interactions as judged by the treating investigator
• For patients with evidence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the HBV viral load must be undetectable on suppressive therapy, if indicated
• Patients with a history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection must have been treated and cured. For patients with HCV infection who are currently on treatment, they are eligible if they have an undetectable HCV viral load
• Patients with treated brain metastases are eligible if follow-up brain imaging after at least 4 weeks following central nervous system (CNS)-directed therapy shows no evidence of progression
• Patients with a prior or concurrent malignancy whose natural history or treatment does not have the potential to interfere with the safety or efficacy assessment of the investigational regimen are eligible for this trial
• Patients with known history or current symptoms of cardiac disease, or history of treatment with cardiotoxic agents, should have a clinical risk assessment of cardiac function using the New York Heart Association Functional Classification. To be eligible for this trial, patients should be class 2B or better
• Patients must have lesions amenable to research biopsy for those enrolling to the expansion cohort. The biopsy should be deemed feasible and safe for pre-biopsy lesion assessment criteria
• The effects of CA-4948, nab-paclitaxel, and gemcitabine on the developing human fetus are unknown. For this reason and because gemcitabine is known to be teratogenic, embryotoxic, and fetotoxic in mice and rabbits, women of child-bearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry, for the duration of study participation, and 6 months after completion of CA-4948, nab-paclitaxel, and gemcitabine administration. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while she or her partner is participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately. Men treated or enrolled on this protocol must also agree to use adequate contraception prior to the study, for the duration of study participation, and 3 months after completion of CA-4948, nab-paclitaxel, and gemcitabine administration
• Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document. Participants with impaired decision-making capacity who have a legally-authorized representative (LAR) and/or family member available will also be eligible
• Patients who have had chemotherapy or radiotherapy within 4 weeks (6 weeks for nitrosoureas or mitomycin C) prior to entering the study
• Patients who have not recovered from clinically significant adverse events due to prior anti-cancer therapy (i.e., have residual toxicities > grade 1) with the exception of alopecia
• History of other malignancy with the exception of 1) malignancies for which all treatment was completed at least 2 years before registration and the patient has no evidence of disease; 2) or known indolent malignancies that do not require treatment and will likely not alter the course of treatment of disease under treatment
• History of allogeneic organ or stem cell transplant
• Current use or anticipated need for alternative, holistic, naturopathic, or botanical formulations used for the purpose of cancer treatment
• Patients who are receiving any other investigational agents
• History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to CA-4948 or other agents used in study
• Patients receiving any medications or substances that are inhibitors or inducers of CYP3A4 are ineligible due to CA-4948 and nab-paclitaxel. Because the lists of these agents are constantly changing, it is important to regularly consult a frequently-updated medical reference. As part of the enrollment/informed consent procedures, the patient will be counseled on the risk of interactions with other agents, and what to do if new medications need to be prescribed or if the patient is considering a new over-the-counter medicine or herbal product
• Patients with uncontrolled intercurrent illness
• Pregnant women are excluded from this study because gemcitabine is nucleoside analogue with the potential for teratogenic or abortifacient effects. Because there is an unknown but potential risk for adverse events in nursing infants secondary to treatment of the mother with gemcitabine, breastfeeding should be discontinued if the mother is treated with gemcitabine. These potential risks may also apply to other agents used in this study
• Prolonged Fridericia's correction formula (QTcF) (> 470 in females, > 450 in males) on screening electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Gastrointestinal condition which could impair absorption of CA-4948 or inability to ingest CA-4948
• Severe obstructive pulmonary disease or interstitial lung disease
• History of rhabdomyolysis or elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK)

• Patients must be a man or woman of at least 18 years of age.
• Patients must have Stage II/Stage III rectal cancer or Stage II (high risk)/Stage III colon cancer per American Joint Committee on Cancer 2017 that has been surgically totally resected (R0 confirmed by pathology report). Stage II (high risk) colon cancer is defined as Stage II disease with any of the following risk factors for recurrence:
• T4
• Grade ≥ 3.
• Clinical presentation with bowel obstruction or perforation.
• Histological signs of vascular, lymphatic or perineural invasion.
• < 12 nodes evaluated after surgery.
• Patients must have detectable ctDNA prior to start of adjuvant chemotherapy (AdCTx) (except for the Biomarker Cohort). • ctDNA assay must be performed through this trial or study BNT000-001 ctDNA screening protocol.
• Patients must have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status of 0-1.
• Patients must have adequate hematologic, bone marrow and organ function as defined by the protocol.
• Adequate tumor material in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded blocks or as sectioned tissue (only upon approval by sponsor) must be available (as described in the laboratory manual).
• The patient has started a standard of care AdCTx preferably within 8 weeks but no later than 10 weeks post-surgery and has completed at least 3 months of treatment of a 3- or a 6-month course of chemotherapy (including rest days).
• Patients with uncontrolled intercurrent illness as defined by the protocol.
• Diagnosed microsatellite instability high tumors.
• Prior therapy with any of the following:
• Neo-adjuvant (radio)chemotherapy prior to surgery.
• Treatment with systemic immunosuppressive medication within 2 weeks prior to initiation of trial treatment or anticipation of need for systemic immunosuppressive medication during trial treatment, with the exception of low dose steroids defined as 10 mg oral prednisone (or equivalent).
• Current or recent (within the 28 days prior to randomization) treatment with another investigational drug.
• Toxicities from previous anti-cancer therapies that have not resolved to baseline levels or to Grade 1 or less except for alopecia and peripheral neuropathy.
• Patients who developed metastatic disease during screening/receiving standard of care treatment (not applicable for Exploratory Cohort).
• Patients with known past or current malignancy other than inclusion diagnosis, except for:
• Cervical carcinoma of Stage 1B or less.
• Non-invasive basal cell or squamous cell skin carcinoma.
• Non-invasive, superficial bladder cancer.
• Prostate cancer with a current prostate-specific antigen level < 0.1 ng/mL.
• Any curable cancer with a complete response of > 2 years duration.
• Patients with known allergies, hypersensitivity, or intolerance to RO7198457 or its excipients.
• Patients who had major surgery (e.g., surgery requiring general anesthesia) within 4 weeks before screening, or will not have fully recovered from surgery, or have surgery planned during the time the patient are expected to participate in the trial.
• Patients with positive serology for hepatitis B (unless immune due to vaccination or resolved natural infection or unless passive immunization due to immunoglobulin therapy):
• Based on a test for antibodies to hepatitis B core antigens (anti-HBc) and
• Negative test for antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigens (anti-HBs).
• Active Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection; patients who have completed curative antiviral treatment with HCV viral load below the limit of quantification are allowed.
• Patients who have a history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody positivity, or tests positive for HIV at screening.
• Patients who have had prior splenectomy. NOTE: Other protocol defined inclusion/exclusion criteria may apply.

• PATIENT INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR ENROLLMENT:
• 6 months to < 22 years at enrollment
• Diagnosed with ALL, AML, or MDS or mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) for which an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant is indicated. Complete Remission (CR) status will not be confirmed at the time of enrollment. CR as defined in these sections is required to proceed with the actual HCT treatment plan
• Has not received a prior allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant
• Does not have a suitable human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched sibling donor available for stem cell donation
• Has an eligible haploidentical related family donor based on at least intermediate resolution HLA typing
• Patients who also have an eligible 8/8 MUD adult donor based on confirmatory high resolution HLA typing are eligible for randomization to Arm A or Arm B.
• Patients who do not have an eligible MUD donor are eligible for enrollment to Arm C
• All patients and/or their parents or legal guardians must sign a written informed consent
• All institutional, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and National Cancer Institute (NCI) requirements for human studies must be met
• Co-Enrollment on other trials
• Patients will not be excluded from enrollment on this study if already enrolled on other protocols for treatment of high risk and/or relapsed ALL, AML, MPAL and MDS. This is including, but not limited to, COG AAML1831, COG AALL1821, the EndRAD Trial, as well as local institutional trials. We will collect information on all co-enrollments
• Patients will not be excluded from enrollment on this study if receiving immunotherapy prior to transplant as a way to achieve remission and bridge to transplant. This includes chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy and other immunotherapies
• PATIENT INCLUSION CRITERIA TO PROCEED TO HCT:
• Karnofsky Index or Lansky Play-Performance Scale >= 60 on pre-transplant evaluation. Karnofsky scores must be used for patients >= 16 years of age and Lansky scores for patients =< 16 years of age (within 4 weeks of starting therapy)
• A serum creatinine based on age/gender as follows: 6 months to < 1 year: 0.5 mg/dL (Male); 0.5 mg/dL (Female) 1. to < 2 years: 0.6 mg/dL (Male); 0.6 mg/dL (Female) 2. to < 6 years: 0.8 mg/dL (Male); 0.8 mg/dL (Female) 6 to < 10 years: 1 mg/dL (Male); 1 mg/dL (Female) 10 to < 13 years: 1.2 mg/dL (Male); 1.2 mg/dL (Female) 13 to < 16 years: 1.5 mg/dL (Male); 1.4 mg/dL (Female) >= 16 years: 1.7 mg/dL (Male); 1.4 mg/dL (Female)
• OR
• A 24 hour urine Creatinine clearance >= 60 mL/min/1.73 m^2
• OR
• A glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >= 60 mL/min/1.73 m^2. GFR must be performed using direct measurement with a nuclear blood sampling method OR direct small molecule clearance method (iothalamate or other molecule per institutional standard)
• Note: Estimated GFR (eGFR) from serum creatinine, cystatin C or other estimates are not acceptable for determining eligibility
• Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) aspartate aminotransferase [AST] or serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) aminotransferase [ALT] < 5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age
• Total bilirubin < 2.5 mg/dL, unless attributable to Gilbert's Syndrome
• Shortening fraction of >= 27% by echocardiogram or radionuclide scan (MUGA)
• OR
• Ejection fraction of >= 50% by echocardiogram or radionuclide scan (MUGA), choice of test according to local standard of care
• Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and corrected carbon monoxide diffusing capability (DLCO) must all be >= 50% of predicted by pulmonary function tests (PFTs).
• For children who are unable to perform for PFTs (e.g., due to age or developmental delay), the criteria are: no evidence of dyspnea at rest, oxygen (O2) saturation (Sat) > 92% on room air by pulse oximetry, not on supplemental O2 at rest, and not on supplemental O2 at rest
• MPAL in first complete remission (CR1) for whom transplant is indicated. Examples include those patients who are poorly responsive to ALL therapy (end of induction failure( IF-MPAL) to ALL induction (see IF-MPAL note below), end of induction MRD ≥ 5% or end-of-consolidation MRD > 0.01%), as well as patients treated with AML therapy
• IF-MPAL: additional criterion for Induction failure for MPAL ONLY as per ALL1732:
• An increasing number of circulating leukemia cells on 3 or more consecutive CBCs obtained at daily or longer intervals following day 8 of Induction therapy and prior to day 29 with confirmation by flow cytometry OR development of new sites of extramedullary disease, or other laboratory or clinical evidence of refractory disease or progression prior to the end of Induction evaluation (note that residual testicular disease at the end of Induction is an exception)
• MPAL in > second complete remission (CR2)
• ALL high-risk in CR1 for whom transplant is indicated. Examples include: induction failure, treatment failure as per minimal residual disease by flow cytometry > 0.01% after consolidation and not eligible for AALL1721 or AALL1721 not available/unwilling to enroll, hypodiploidy (< 44 chromosomes) with MRD+ > 0.01% after induction, persistent or recurrent cytogenetic or molecular evidence of disease during therapy requiring additional therapy after induction to achieve remission (e.g. persistent molecular BCR-ABL positivity), T cell ALL with persistent MRD > 0.01% after consolidation.
• ALL in CR2 for whom transplant is indicated. Examples include: B-cell: early (=< 36 months from initiation of therapy) bone marrow (BM) relapse, late BM relapse (>= 36 months) with MRD >= 0.1% by flow cytometry after first re-induction therapy; T or B-cell: early (< 18 months) isolated extramedullary (IEM), late (>= 18 months) IEM, end-Block 1 MRD >= 0.1%; T-cell or Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+): BM relapse at any time
• ALL in >= third complete remission (CR3)
• Patients treated with chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CART) cells for whom transplant is indicated. Examples include: transplant for consolidation of CART, loss of CART persistence and/or B cell aplasia < 6 months from infusion or have other evidence (e.g., MRD+) that transplant is indicated to prevent relapse
• AML in CR1 for whom transplant is indicated. Examples include those deemed high risk for relapse as described in AAML1831:
• FLT3/ITD+ with allelic ratio > 0.1 without bZIP CEBPA, NPM1
• FLT3/ITD+ with allelic ratio > 0.1 with concurrent bZIP CEBPA or NPM1 and with evidence of residual AML (MRD >= 0.05%) at end of Induction
• Presence of RAM phenotype or unfavorable prognostic markers (other than FLT3/ITD) per cytogenetics, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), next generation sequencing (NGS) results, regardless of favorable genetic markers, MRD status or FLT3/ITD mutation status
• AML without favorable or unfavorable cytogenetic or molecular features but with evidence of residual AML (MRD >= 0.05%) at end of Induction
• Presence of a non-ITD FLT3 activating mutation and positive MRD (>= 0.05%) at end of Induction 1 regardless of presence of favorable genetic markers.
• AML in >= CR2
• MDS with < 5% blasts by morphology and flow cytometry (if available) on the pre-transplant bone marrow evaluation
• Complete remission (CR) is defined as < 5% blasts by morphology and flow cytometry (if available) on the pre-transplant bone marrow evaluation with minimum sustained absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of 300 cells/microliter for 1 week or ANC > 500 cells/microliter. We will be collecting data from all approaches to MRD evaluation performed including NGS and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It is strongly recommended that MPAL be evaluated using multidimensional flow cytometry and/or (KMT2Ar) qt PCR. It is strongly recommended that MPAL be evaluated using multidimensional flow cytometry and/or (KMT2Ar) qt PCR
• DONOR ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA:
• Matched Unrelated Donors: Unrelated donor candidates must be matched at high resolution at a minimum of 8/8 alleles (HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1). One-antigen HLA mismatches are not permitted. HLA matching of additional alleles is recommended according to National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP) guidelines, but will be at the discretion of local centers
• Haploidentical Matched Family Members:
• Minimum match level full haploidentical (at least 5/10; HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DQB1 alleles). The following issues (in no particular order) should be considered in choosing a haploidentical donor:
• Absent or low patient donor-specific antibodies (DSA)
• Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of any anti-donor HLA antibody by solid phase immunoassay should be < 2000. Donors with higher levels are not eligible.
• If a screening assay against pooled HLA antigens is used, positive results must be followed with specificity testing using a single antigen assay. The MFI must be < 2000 unless the laboratory has validated higher threshold values for reactivity for HLA antigens (such as HLA-C, -DQ, and -DP), that may be enhanced in concentration on the single antigen assays. Donor anti- recipient antibodies are of unknown clinical significance and do not need to be sent or reported.
• Consult with Study Chair for the clinical significance of any recipient anti-donor HLA antibody.
• If centers are unable to perform this type of testing, please contact the Study Chair to make arrangements for testing.
• If killer immunoglobulin testing (KIR) is performed: KIR status by mismatch, KIR-B, or KIR content criteria can be used according to institutional guidelines.
• ABO compatibility (in order of priority):
• Compatible or minor ABO incompatibility
• Major ABO incompatibility
• CMV serostatus:
• For a CMV seronegative recipient: the priority is to use a CMV seronegative donor when feasible
• For a CMV seropositive recipient: the priority is to use a CMV seropositive donor when feasible
• Age: younger donors including siblings/half-siblings, and second degree relatives (aunts, uncles, cousins) are recommended, even if < 18 years
• Size and vascular access appropriate by center standard for peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collection if needed
• Haploidentical matched family members: screened by center health screens and found to be eligible
• Unrelated donors: meet eligibility criteria as defined by the NMDP or other unrelated donor registries. If the donor does not meet the registry eligibility criteria but an acceptable eligibility waiver is completed and signed per registry guidelines, the donor will be considered eligible for this study
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative
• Not pregnant
• MUD donors and post-transplant cyclophosphamide haplo donors should be asked to provide BM. If donors refuse and other donors are not available, PBSC is allowed. TCR-alpha beta/CD19 depleted haplo donors must agree to donate PBSC
• Must give informed consent:
• Haploidentical matched family members: Institution standard of care donor consent and Protocol-specific Donor Consent for Optional Studies
• Unrelated donors: standard NMDP Unrelated Donor Consent
• PATIENT EXCLUSION CRITERIA FOR ENROLLMENT:
• Patients with genetic disorders (generally marrow failure syndromes) prone to secondary AML/ALL/MPAL with known poor outcomes because of sensitivity to alkylator therapy and/or TBI are not eligible (Fanconi Anemia, Kostmann Syndrome, Dyskeratosis Congenita, etc). Patients with Downs syndrome because of increased toxicity with intensive conditioning regimens.
• Patients with any obvious contraindication to myeloablative HCT at the time of enrollment
• Female patients who are pregnant are ineligible as many of the medications used in this protocol could be harmful to unborn children and infants
• Sexually active patients of reproductive potential who have not agreed to use an effective contraceptive method for the duration of their study participation
• PATIENT EXCLUSION CRITERIA TO PROCEED TO HCT:
• Patients with uncontrolled fungal, bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections are excluded. Patients with history of fungal disease during chemotherapy may proceed if they have a significant response to antifungal therapy with no or minimal evidence of disease remaining by computed tomography (CT) evaluation
• Patients with active central nervous system (CNS) leukemia or any other active site of extramedullary disease at the time of initiation of the conditioning regimen are not permitted.
• Note: Those with prior history of CNS or extramedullary disease, but with no active disease at the time of pre-transplant workup, are eligible
• Pregnant or breastfeeding females are ineligible as many of the medications used in this protocol could be harmful to unborn children and infants

• At least 18 years of age.
• Histologically or cytologically confirmed advanced solid tumors
• Arm #1 (Monotherapy): HRAS-mutant and/or amplified tumors (any solid tumor type); HRAS overexpression (only for HNSCC tumors); KRAS and/or NRAS, and/or HRAS-mutant and/or amplified NSCLC or CRC; KRAS-mutant and/or amplified PDAC
• Arm #2 (Combination): Must have received at least 1 prior systemic therapy with IO-based treatment for locally advanced or metastatic RCC with predominantly clear cell subtype
• Arm #3 (Combination): Must have KRAS G12C-mutant locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC and have received at least 1 prior systemic therapy for advanced or metastatic NSCLC
• Measurable disease by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1.
• Karnofsky Performance Status of 70 or higher with no clinically significant deterioration over the previous 2 weeks.
• Acceptable liver, renal, endocrine, and hematologic function.
• Other protocol-defined inclusion criteria may apply.
• Ongoing treatment with certain anticancer agents.
• Prior treatment with an FTI or HRAS inhibitor.
• Major surgery, other than local procedures, within 28 days prior to Cycle 1 Day 1, without complete recovery.
• Spinal cord compression, leptomeningeal disease, or clinically active CNS metastases.
• Toxicity (excluding alopecia) from prior therapy that has not been completely resolved to baseline at the time of consent.
• Active or prior documented autoimmune or inflammatory disorders within the past 5 years prior to Cycle 1 Day 1 (with exceptions).
• Active, uncontrolled bacterial, viral, or fungal infections requiring systemic therapy.
• Inability to swallow, impairment of gastrointestinal (GI) function or GI disease that may significantly alter the absorption of the trial drugs.
• Inadequate cardiac and/or vascular function, including receipt of treatment for unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and/or cerebro-vascular attack within the prior 6 months, mean QTcF ≥470 ms, or Class II or greater congestive heart failure.
• Other invasive malignancy within 2 years.
• Other protocol-defined exclusion criteria may apply.

Key
• Life expectancy of ≥ 12 weeks
• Measurable or non-measurable disease for Dose Escalation; measurable disease using RECIST v1.1 is required for Dose Expansion
• Recovered from prior therapy to Grade ≤ 1 or return to baseline status (except for alopecia)
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-1
• Patients with adequate bone marrow, kidney and liver function
• Last dose of previous anticancer therapy ≥ 4 weeks prior to first dose of NDI-101150; includes prior anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 therapy, other anticancer therapy, radiotherapy, or surgical intervention
• For Dose Escalation Phase Only (Dose Escalation, Monotherapy and Combination Therapy): Histologically or cytologically confirmed advanced or metastatic solid tumors for whom no standard therapies are available or refractory to standard therapy
• For Dose Expansion Phase (Dose Expansion, Monotherapy and Combination Therapy): Willing to consent to required tumor biopsy(ies). Histologically or cytologically confirmed advanced or metastatic G/GEJ, NSCLC or RCC for which no standard therapy is available or are refractory to standard therapy Key
• Previous solid organ or hematopoietic cell transplant
• Central nervous system (CNS) malignant disease not previously treated, active leptomeningeal disease, uncontrolled symptomatic CNS involvement, or CNS malignant disease requiring steroid or other therapeutic intervention
• Prior anticancer therapy within 2-6 weeks of trial start (depending on nature of therapy).
• Clinically significant cardiovascular disease
• History of severe hypersensitivity reaction to treatment with monoclonal antibody(ies) (for combination therapy cohorts only)
• History of interstitial lung disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonitis (including drug induced), organizing pneumonia (i.e., bronchiolitis obliterans, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, etc.), or evidence of history of pneumonitis on chest computed tomography scan in the last 6 months
• Known additional malignancy that is active and/or in progression requiring treatment
• Unstable or severe uncontrolled medical condition (e.g., unstable cardiac function, unstable pulmonary condition, uncontrolled diabetes, thromboembolic event within the past 3 months) or any important medical or psychiatric illness or abnormal laboratory finding
• Unable to discontinue medications that are strong inducers or inhibitors of CYP3A4 and/or CYP2C8
• History of severe irAE that led to permanent discontinuation of prior immunotherapy
• History of recent Grade >/= 3 irAE or any Grade 4 life-threatening irAE, neurologic or ocular AE of any grade while receiving prior immunotherapy NOTE: Other protocol defined Inclusion and Exclusion criteria may apply.

Key
• Availability of tumor tissue (archived and fresh tumor biopsy, if medically feasible)
• Select advanced or metastatic solid tumor that is likely to express CLDN18.2 such as gastric/GEJ, pancreatic and esophageal cancer
• ≥ 18 years of age
• ECOG performance status (PS) 0 or 1 at Screening
• Progressed on or after standard therapy, or are intolerable for available standard therapy, or there is no available standard therapy
• Have at least one measurable extra-cranial lesion as defined by RECIST v1.1
• Adequate organ function
• Life expectancy > 12 weeks
• Ability to understand the nature of this study, comply with protocol requirements, and give written informed consent
• Willingness of men and women of reproductive potential to observe conventional and effective birth control for the duration of treatment and for 3 months following study completion Key
• Pregnant or breastfeeding
• Symptomatic or untreated brain metastases
• Have previously received CLDN18.2 antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) or any ADC containing an auristatin payload (prior monoclonal antibody against CLDN18.2 may be eligible)
• Have peripheral neuropathy Grade ≥2
• Have history of non-infectious pneumonitis/interstitial lung disease
• Have diagnosis of another malignancy, or history of systemic treatment for invasive cancer within last 3 years. Note: Patients with Stage I cancer who have received definitive local treatment and are considered unlikely to recur are eligible. Diagnosis of non-melanoma skin cancer, carcinoma in situ of the cervix or breast, or noninvasive tumor does not affect eligibility
• Have active ocular surface disease at baseline (based on screening ophthalmic examination)
• Have serious concurrent illness or clinically relevant active bacterial, fungal or viral infection
• Have previous hypersensitivity to any known components of EO-3021 or history of severe infusion reaction or hypersensitivity (CTCAE Grade 3 or higher) with monoclonal antibody treatment
• Clinically significant cardiac disease, including but not limited to symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction within 6 months of planned first dose, or unstable cardiac arrhythmia requiring therapy (including torsades de pointes)
• Have history of allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or solid organ transplantation with ongoing systemic immunosuppressive therapy
• Patients who are not appropriate candidates for participation in this clinical study for any other reason as deemed by the Investigator

1. Adult participants must be 18 years of age or older 2. Advanced or metastatic solid tumors excluding primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors 3. Have documented evidence of genetic alterations conferring homologous recombination deficiency 4. Participant must have progressed on at least one prior line of therapy in the advanced or metastatic setting that is considered an appropriate standard of care, or for which the participant has documented intolerance 1. Known primary CNS malignancy 2. Impairment of GI function or GI disease that may significantly alter the absorption of IDE161 3. Have active, uncontrolled infection 4. Clinically significant cardiac abnormalities 5. Major surgery within 4 weeks prior to enrollment 6. Radiation therapy within 2 weeks prior to enrollment 7. Systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy within 4 weeks prior to enrollment 8. Radioimmunotherapy within 6 weeks of enrollment 9. Treatment with a therapeutic antibody within 4 weeks prior to enrollment 10. Treatment with an anti-cancer small molecule within 5 half-lives (t1/2), or 2 weeks, whichever is shorter

• Alive (per medical record)
• Diagnosed with cancer in the past 3 years
• Received care from a participating oncology clinic in the past year
• Has a current tobacco use status
• Does not have a preferred language other than English (missing language preference will be included).
• Valid address that is not a correctional facility or residential treatment/care facility.
• No flag for patient cognitive impairment, activated health care power of attorney, or other health care agent (e.g., legally authorized representative) in the EHR. The following additional inclusion criteria must be met for inclusion in the CET
• Smoked combustible cigarettes in the past month.
• Able to speak and understand English.
• Willing to set a date to quit smoking in the next 60 days.
• Willing to receive smoking treatment information.
• Willing to complete study activities.
• No current suicidal ideation.
• Suicide attempt in the past year.
• Currently receiving treatment for bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or psychotic disorder.
• Incarceration.
• Unable to provide informed consent to treatment (i.e., cannot answer questions about study procedures or risks after hearing about the study).

1. Male or female participants ≥18 years of age 2. Dose Escalation Phase (Part 1): 1. Participants must have a pathologically confirmed diagnosis of an advanced or metastatic solid tumor with a documented RAS, NF1, or RAF mutations. A molecular pathology report documenting mutational status of RAS, NF1, or RAF must be available. 2. Progressed despite standard therapies, and received at least 1 prior line of anticancer therapy.
• Participants with a documented mutation in BRAF V600E or V600K must have received approved treatments known to provide clinical benefit prior to study entry. 3. Participants enrolled in the DCC-3116 and sotorasib cohort (Cohort D) must have a KRAS G12C mutation. 3. Dose Expansion Phase (Part 2): 1. Cohort 1: Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC).
• Pathologically confirmed PDAC with a documented mutation in KRAS.
• Received only 1 prior line of systemic therapy in the advanced or metastatic setting. 2. Cohort 2: Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
• Pathologically confirmed NSCLC with a documented mutation in KRAS, NRAS, NF1, or BRAF.
• Received at least 2 prior lines but no more than 4 prior lines of systemic therapy in the advanced or metastatic setting. 3. Cohort 3: Patients with Colorectal Cancer (CRC)
• Pathologically confirmed CRC with a documented mutation in KRAS, NRAS, NF1, or BRAF.
• Received at least 2 prior lines of systemic therapy in the advanced or metastatic setting. 4. Cohort 4: Patients with Melanoma
• Pathologically confirmed melanoma with a documented mutation in NRAS.
• Received at least 1 but not more than 2 prior lines of systemic therapy in the advanced or metastatic setting that included T-cell checkpoint inhibitor-based therapy.
• Have not received prior MEK inhibitor therapy. 5. Cohort 5: Patients with KRAS G12C mutant NSCLC
• Pathologically confirmed NSCLC with a documented mutation in KRAS G12C.
• Received at least 1 prior line but no more than 3 prior lines of systemic therapy in the advanced or metastatic setting.
• Have not received prior sotorasib or other KRAS G12C inhibitor therapy. 4. Must provide a fresh tumor biopsy from a primary or metastatic cancer lesion that can be biopsied with acceptable risk as determined by the Investigator, and an archival tumor tissue sample, if available. If a fresh tumor biopsy is not possible, then an archival tumor tissue sample must be provided. 5. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score of 0 to 2 (Dose Escalation) or 0 to 1 (Dose Expansion) at Screening 6. Adequate organ function and bone marrow function. 7. If a female of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test prior to enrollment and agree to follow the contraception requirements. 8. Male participants must agree to follow contraception requirements. 9. Must provide signed consent to participate in the study and is willing to comply with study-specific procedures. 1. Must not have received the following within the specified time periods prior to the first dose of study drug: 1. Prior therapies (anticancer or therapies given for other reasons) that are known strong or moderate inhibitors or inducers of CYP3A4 or P-gp including certain herbal medications (eg, St. John's Wort): 14 days or 5× the half-life of the medication (whichever is longer) 2. All other prior anticancer therapies or any therapy that is investigational for the participant's condition with a known safety and PK profile: 14 days or 5× the half-life of the medication (whichever is shorter) 3. Investigational therapies with unknown safety and PK profile: 28 days. If there is enough data on the investigational therapy to assess the risk for drug.-drug interactions and late toxicities of prior therapy as low, the Sponsor's Medical Monitor may approve a shorter washout of 14 days 4. Grapefruit or grapefruit juice: 14 days 2. Have not recovered from all toxicities from prior therapy according to National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI CTCAE). 3. Presence or history of central nervous system (CNS) metastases or leptomeningeal disease, with some exceptions 4. New York Heart Association Class III or IV heart disease, active ischemia, or any other uncontrolled cardiac condition such as angina pectoris, clinically significant cardiac arrhythmia requiring therapy, uncontrolled hypertension, congestive heart failure, or myocardial infarction within 6 months prior to the first dose of study drug. 5. Prolongation of the QT interval corrected by Fridericia's formula (QTcF) based on repeated demonstration of QTcF >450 ms in males or >470 ms in females at screening, or history of long QT syndrome. 6. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50% at Screening 7. Systemic arterial thrombotic or embolic events 8. Systemic venous thrombotic events 9. Malabsorption syndrome 10. Bone disease that requires ongoing treatment or has required treatment. 11. Major surgery within 4 weeks of the first dose of study drug. All surgical wounds must be healed and free of infection or dehiscence before the first dose of the study drug. 12. Any other clinically significant comorbidities. 13. For participants receiving DCC-3116 and trametinib combination or DCC-3116 and binimetinib combination: previous treatment with trametinib or binimetinib that resulted in treatment discontinuation due to intolerability as a result of an adverse event (AE) that was considered related to trametinib or binimetinib. 14. For participants receiving DCC-3116 and sotorasib combination in Dose Escalation Part 1: previous treatment with sotorasib that resulted in treatment discontinuation due to intolerability as a result of an adverse event (AE) that was considered related to sotorasib. 15. For participants receiving DCC-3116 and sotorasib combination: Use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H2 receptor antagonists that cannot be discontinued 3 days prior to the start of study drug administration. 16. Known allergy or hypersensitivity to any component of the investigational drug products. 17. Known human immunodeficiency virus unless the following requirements are met: 1. CD4 count >350/µL 2. No AIDS-defining opportunistic infection in the last 12 months 3. Stable anti-retroviral regimen with medications that are not prohibited by the protocol for at least 4 weeks with HIV viral load less than 400 copies/mL prior to enrollment. 18. Known active hepatitis B, active hepatitis C infection or if the participant is taking medications that are prohibited per protocol. 19. If female, the participant is pregnant or lactating. 20. Ongoing participation in an interventional study. 21. For participants receiving DCC-3116 and binimetinib combination: Known Gilbert's syndrome

Key
• Patients must have a documented NPM1 mutation or KMT2A rearrangement and have either newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory AML
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0, 1, or 2
• Adequate liver, renal, and cardiac function according to protocol defined criteria
• A female of childbearing potential must agree to use adequate contraception from the time of screening through 180 days following the last dose of study intervention. A male of childbearing potential must agree to use abstinence or adequate contraception from the time of screening through 90 days following the last dose of study intervention Key
• Diagnosis of either acute promyelocytic leukemia or blast chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
• Known history of BCR-ABL alteration
• Advanced malignant hepatic tumor [for patients receiving ven/aza combination]
• Administration of live attenuated vaccines within 14 days prior to, during, or after treatment until B-cell recovery
• Active central nervous system (CNS) involvement by AML.
• Clinical signs/symptoms of leukostasis or WBC > 25,000 / microliter. Hydroxyurea and/or leukapheresis are permitted to meet this criterion
• Not recovered to Grade ≤1 (NCI-CTCAE v5.0) from all nonhematological toxicities except for alopecia
• Known clinically active human immunodeficiency virus, active hepatitis B or active hepatitis C infection
• For newly diagnosed cohorts: received prior chemotherapy for leukemia, except hydroxyurea and/or leukapheresis to control leukocytosis, prior treatment with all-transretinoic acid for initially suspected acute promyelocytic leukemia, or non-HMA therapy for prior myelodysplastic syndrome
• For relapsed/refractory cohorts: received chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, or any ancillary therapy that is considered to be investigational < 14 days prior to the first dose of ziftomenib or within 5 drug half-lives prior to the first dose of study drug
• Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, cardiac illness as defined in the protocol
• Mean corrected QT interval corrected for heart rate by Fredericia's formula (QTcF) >480 ms on triplicate ECGs
• Uncontrolled infection
• Women who are pregnant or lactating
• An active malignancy and currently receiving chemotherapy for that malignancy or disease that is uncontrolled/progressing

1. Subject (or legally authorized representative, where applicable) is willing and able to provide signed informed consent and can follow protocol requirements 2. Subject is ≥18 years of age at time of informed consent 3. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1 4. Subject has documented evidence of a BRAF V600 mutation obtained from tumor tissue or liquid biopsy: (other protocol conditions may apply) 5. Subject must have received ≥1 prior line of SoC therapy for their unresectable locally advanced or metastatic disease with disease progression on or after last prior treatment. Prior regimens for these subjects vary by indication and investigational arm, but must have included the following: 1. Melanoma or NSCLC (Phase 1 and Phase 2 Arms A1 and B1): Prior receipt of a BRAF inhibitor and an immune checkpoint inhibitor (any sequence or combination). Prior (neo)adjuvant immunotherapy may be acceptable. 2. CRC: Receipt of a systemic chemotherapy-based regimen per SoC for unresectable locally advanced or metastatic disease, and previous treatment with BRAF inhibitor in combination with an EGFR monoclonal antibody. Subjects with documented MSI-H or dMMR CRC must have received prior immunotherapy. Subjects with MSS disease must have received at least 2 prior treatments. Subjects who received neo(adjuvant) chemotherapy regimens may be eligible. 3. ATC: Subjects must have received SoC therapy options including BRAF inhibitor if available and of benefit to the subject 4. Other BRAF V600 mutant solid tumors (non-CNS): Subjects must have received SoC therapy options per their Investigator's best judgment, including BRAF inhibitor if available and of benefit to the subject 6. Subject has measurable disease per RECIST v1.1 7. Adequate bone marrow, liver, renal, and cardiac function 8. A female subject may be eligible if not pregnant, planning a pregnancy, not breast feeding, a women of non-child bearing potential or a WOCBP willing to comply with protocol conditions relating to the use contraception, ova or blood donation and pregnancy testing prior to the first dose 9. A male subject must agree to comply with protocol conditions relating to the use of contraception, sperm and blood donation 10. Subject can safely swallow a tablet or pill Other protocol defined exclusion criteria may apply 1. Subject has had major surgery within 21 days prior to the planned first dose. Minor surgery is permitted within 21 days prior to enrollment 2. Subject with CNS involvement (primary tumor or metastatic disease), except if clinically stable, have no evidence of new or enlarging brain metastases and are on stable or tapering doses of steroids for at least 7 days prior to first dose. Subjects with untreated brain metastases may be eligible to enter without prior radiation therapy. 3. Subject with known malignancy other than trial indication that is progressing or has required treatment within the past 3 years, except for conditions that have undergone potentially curative therapy 4. Subject with history of thromboembolic or cerebrovascular events ≤6 months as defined in the protocol 5. Subject with impaired cardiac function or clinically significant cardiac disease, as defined in the protocol 6. Subject with history of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (only for subjects who will receive CFT1946 + trametinib) 7. Subject with history or current evidence of retinal vein occlusion (RVO), chorioretinopathy, or current risk factors for RVO (only for subjects who will receive CFT1946 + trametinib) 8. Subject has received live, attenuated vaccine within 28 days prior to first dose administration 9. Subject has history of pneumonitis or interstitial lung disease 10. Subject has history of uveitis 11. Subject has known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (with exceptions) 12. Subject has history of or known HBV or active HCV infection 13. Subject has concurrent administration of strong CYP3A4/5 inhibitors and inducers, including any herbal medications/supplements 14. Subject has presence of Grade ≥2 toxicity due to prior cancer therapy, excepting alopecia and hypothyroidism requiring thyroid replacement therapy 15. Subject has initiation or receipt of the following ≤7 days prior to first dose administration: Hematopoietic colony-stimulating growth factors, transfusion of packed red blood cells (pRBC), and transfusion of platelets 16. Subject is pregnant, breastfeeding, or expecting to conceive or father children any time during the study Other protocol defined exclusion criteria may apply

• PHASE 1: Patients must have a histologically confirmed metastatic or locally advanced unresectable solid tumor that has progressed on or after available standard of care therapy or for which no acceptable standard of care therapy exists, or in which the patient declines standard of care therapy (each patient that declines standard of care therapy will be documented in the case report form)
• PHASE 2: Patients must have a histologically confirmed metastatic or locally advanced unresectable cholangiocarcinoma/gallbladder carcinoma that has progressed on at least 1 prior standard of care therapy or for which no acceptable standard of care therapy exists, or in which the patient declines standard of care therapy (each patient that declines standard of care therapy will be documented in the case report form)
• Age >= 18 years
• Because no dosing or adverse event data are currently available on the use of M3814 in combination with avelumab in patients < 18 years of age
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status =< 2 (Karnofsky >= 60%)
• Patients with at least 1 index lesion to irradiate for whom palliative radiation treatment is indicated (including but not limited to pain and/or symptom control, prevention of disease -related complications, and preservation of organ function). Lung and liver lesions are preferred, though alternate lesions may be considered after discussion with trial principal investigator (PI). Up to 2 lesions may be considered for irradiation provided at least 1 lesion will receive the study treatment of total of 60 Gy and all prescribed irradiation will be completed within the radiation window
• Patients with at least 1 Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) measurable lesion (to be unirradiated) (defined as those accurately measured in at least one dimension, with the longest diameter to be recorded for non-nodal lesions and the shortest diameter for nodal lesions). Measurable is defined as at least 10 mm in longest diameter for solid tumors, at least 15 mm in shortest diameter for lymph nodes
• Patients must be willing to undergo fresh biopsies at baseline (as opposed to using archival tissue), in the event their baseline tissue was obtained > 12 months prior to study consent and/or they are randomized to the gamma H2AX pNBS1 multiplex IFA assay
• Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1,500/mcL
• Platelet count >= 100,000/mcL
• Hemoglobin >= 9.0 g/dL
• Serum creatinine =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) OR calculated serum creatinine clearance (glomerular filtration rate [GFR] can be used in place of creatinine or creatinine clearance) >= 60 mL/min for participants with creatinine levels > 1.5 x institutional ULN
• Calculate serum creatinine clearance using the standard Cockcroft-Gault formula
• Serum total bilirubin =< 1.5 x ULN or direct bilirubin =< ULN for participants with total bilirubin > 1.5 x ULN
• Patients with known Gilbert disease with serum bilirubin level =< 3 x ULN are eligible
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT]) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase [SGPT]) =< 2.5 x ULN or =< 5.0 x ULN for patients with hepatobiliary tumors/liver metastases
• Albumin >= 2.8 g/L
• International normalized ratio (INR) or prothrombin time (PT) or activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) =< 1.5 x ULN
• This applies only to patients not receiving therapeutic anticoagulation; patients receiving therapeutic anticoagulation should be on a stable dose
• Participants must have the ability to swallow and retain oral medication and not have any clinically significant gastrointestinal abnormalities that might alter absorption
• Female patients of childbearing potential must have a negative urine or serum pregnancy test within 72 hours prior to receiving the first dose of study medication. If the urine test is positive or cannot be confirmed as negative, a serum pregnancy test will be required. The effects of M3814 and avelumab on the developing human fetus are unknown and there is the potential for teratogenic or abortifacient effects. For this reason, women and men of child-bearing potential must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry, for the duration of study treatment, and for 6 months after completion of M3814 and avelumab administration. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while she or her partner is participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately. Because there is an unknown but potential risk for adverse events in nursing infants secondary to treatment of the mother with M3814 and avelumab, breastfeeding should be discontinued if the mother is treated with M3814 and avelumab
• Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document. Participants with impaired decision-making capacity (IDMC) who have a close caregiver or legally authorized representative (LAR) and/or family member available will also be eligible
• PHASE I: Patients who have received prior anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1 or other immune checkpoint inhibitor therapeutic antibodies or pathway-targeting agents
• PHASE II: Patients who have received prior anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1 or other immune checkpoint inhibitor therapeutic antibodies or pathway-targeting agents with the following exceptions:
• Patients who have only received previous durvalumab (anti-PD-L1) in combination with gemcitabine +/- cisplatin as part of first line therapy (TOPAZ-1 regimen) are eligible
• Patients who have only received previous pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1) in combination with gemcitabine +/- cisplatin as part of first line therapy (KEYNOTE-966 regimen) are eligible
• Patients who have had chemotherapy, definitive radiation, biological cancer therapy, or investigational agent/device within 21 days of first planned dose of study therapy (within 14 days for palliative radiation). Previously irradiated lesions may be re-irradiated provided there is disease progression in the irradiated lesion and the prescribed radiation dosage can safely be re- administered
• Patients who have not recovered from adverse events due to prior anti-cancer therapy (i.e., have residual toxicities > Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [CTCAE] grade 1) with the exception of alopecia
• Patients with untreated/uncontrolled central nervous system (CNS)/leptomeningeal disease. Patients with asymptomatic, treated CNS disease are eligible if the treating physician determines that immediate CNS specific treatment is not required and is unlikely to be required during the first cycle of therapy and the following criteria are met:
• Radiographic demonstration of clinical stability upon the completion of CNS-directed therapy and no evidence of interim progression between the completion of CNS-directed therapy and the screening radiographic study done >= 4 weeks from completion of radiotherapy and >= 2 weeks from discontinuation of corticosteroids
• No stereotactic radiation or whole-brain radiation within 28 days prior to randomization
• Patients with active autoimmune disease requiring systemic corticosteroids greater than the equivalent of prednisone 10 mg daily including but not limited to: systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, colitis, vascular thrombosis associated with antiphospholipid syndrome, Wegener's granulomatosis, Sjogren's syndrome, Bell's palsy, Guillain-Barre syndrome, multiple sclerosis, autoimmune thyroid disease, vasculitis, or glomerulonephritis, with the following exceptions:
• Patients with a history of autoimmune hypothyroidism on a stable dose of thyroid replacement hormone are eligible
• Patients with controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus on a stable insulin regimen are eligible
• Patients with eczema, psoriasis, lichen simplex chronicus of vitiligo with dermatologic manifestations only who require only low potency topical steroids (e.g., hydrocortisone 2.5%, hydrocortisone butyrate 0.1%, fluocinolone 0.01%, desonide 0.05%, alclometasone dipropionate 0.05%) are eligible
• Patients receiving treatment with systemic immunosuppressive medications (including, but not limited to, prednisone, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, methotrexate, thalidomide, and anti-tumor necrosis factor [TNF] agents) within 6 weeks must discontinue these medications prior to starting M3814 and avelumab on day 7, with the exception of:
• Patients with active autoimmune disease managed with systemic corticosteroids less than the equivalent of prednisone 10 mg daily
• Patients who have received acute, low dose, systemic immunosuppressant medications (e.g., a one-time dose of dexamethasone for nausea)
• The use of inhaled corticosteroids and mineralocorticoids (e.g., fludrocortisone) for patients with orthostatic hypotension and adrenocortical insufficiency
• Patients who have undergone prior solid organ or bone marrow transplant with the exception of patients with prior renal transplant for whom dialysis may be employed in the event of graft rejection
• Patients with uncontrolled intercurrent illness (e.g., including but not limited to uncontrolled hypertension [HTN] [systolic blood pressure (BP) > 150, diastolic BP > 100], symptomatic congestive heart failure [CHF], unstable angina pectoris, ischemic myocardial infarction [MI] within 6 months, cardiac arrhythmia, recent transient ischemic attack [TIA or cerebrovascular accident (CVA)]) within 6 months
• Patients with serious active infection (e.g. requiring hospitalization and/or intravenous [IV] antibiotics) within 4 weeks prior to starting M3814 and avelumab, or signs/symptoms of infection or receiving oral or IV antibiotics for the treatment of active systemic infection within 2 weeks prior to starting M3814 and avelumab. Patients receiving prophylactic antibiotics are eligible
• Patients with known chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection must have an undetectable viral load on suppressive therapy if indicated. Patients with known chronic hepatitis C (HCV) infection must have been treated and cured. Patients who are currently on curative treatment are eligible if they have an undetectable HCV viral load
• Patients with known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are allowed on study provided they have:
• A stable regimen of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART)
• No requirement for concurrent antibiotics or antifungal agents for the prevention of opportunistic infection
• A CD4 count above 250 cells/mcL
• An undetectable HIV viral load on standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based testing
• Patients with history of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonitis (including drug induced), organizing pneumonia (e.g., bronchiolitis obliterans, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia), or evidence of active pneumonitis on screening chest computed tomography (CT) scan
• Patients with known concurrent malignancy that is expected to require active treatment within two years, or may interfere with the interpretation of the efficacy and safety outcomes of this study in the opinion of the treating investigator. Superficial bladder cancer, nonmelanoma skin cancers, and low-grade prostate cancer not requiring cytotoxic therapy should not exclude participation in this trial. Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) may be enrolled if they do not require active chemotherapy and their hematologic, renal and hepatic function meets criteria previously mentioned
• Patients with psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements
• History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to M3814 or avelumab
• Patients unable to discontinue medications or substances that are potent inhibitors, inducers or sensitive substrates of CYP3A4/5 or CYP2C19 prior to starting M3814 and avelumab are ineligible. Medications or substances that are strong inhibitors of CYP3A4/5 or CYP2C19 must be discontinued at least 1 week prior to first M3814 dose. Strong inducers of CYP3A4/5 or CYP2C19 must be stopped at least 3 weeks prior to the first dose. Drugs mainly metabolized by CYP3A with a narrow therapeutic index as judged by the investigator must stop at least 1 day prior to first M3814 dose. Because the lists of these agents are constantly changing, it is important to regularly consult a frequently-updated medical reference. As part of the enrollment/informed consent procedures, the patient will be counseled on the risk of interactions with other agents, and what to do if new medications need to be prescribed or if the patient is considering a new over-the-counter medicine or herbal product. The primary elimination mechanism of avelumab is proteolytic degradation, thus there are no contraindicated medications with respect to avelumab
• Patients who cannot discontinue concomitant proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) prior to starting M3814 and avelumab. These must be discontinued >= 5 days prior to starting M3814 and avelumab. Patients do not need to discontinue calcium carbonate. H2 blockers are allowed provided they are taken at least 2 hours after M3814 dose
• Patients receiving sorivudine or any chemically related analogues (such as brivudine) and not able to discontinue prior to starting M3814 and avelumab are excluded
• Pregnant and lactating women are excluded from this study because M3814 and avelumab are agents with the potential for teratogenic or abortifacient effects. Because there is an unknown but potential risk for adverse events in nursing infants secondary to treatment of the mother with M3814 and avelumab, breastfeeding should be discontinued if the mother is treated with M3814 and avelumab
• Patients who have received live vaccination within 30 days before starting M3814 and avelumab

• Locally advanced or metastatic and/or unresectable HCC with diagnosis confirmed by histology/cytology or clinically by American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) criteria in cirrhotic participants
• Disease that is not amenable to curative surgical and/or locoregional therapies
• No prior systemic treatment for locally advanced or metastatic and/or unresectable HCC
• Measurable disease according to RECIST v1.1
• ECOG Performance Status of 0 or 1 within 7 days prior to randomization
• Child-Pugh Class A within 7 days prior to randomization
• Adequate hematologic and end-organ function
• Female participants of childbearing potential must be willing to avoid pregnancy within 5 months after the final dose of atezolizumab, within 6 months after the final dose of bevacizumab, and within 90 days after the final dose of tiragolumab/placebo
• Male participants with a female partner of childbearing potential or pregnant female partner must remain abstinent or use a condom during the treatment period and for 6 months after the final dose of bevacizumab and for 90 days after the final dose of tiragolumab/placebo to avoid exposing the embryo.
• Pregnancy or breastfeeding within 5 months after the final dose of atezolizumab, within 6 months after the final dose of bevacizumab, and within 90 days after the final dose of tiragolumab/placebo
• Prior treatment with CD137 agonists or immune checkpoint blockade therapies
• Treatment with investigational therapy within 28 days prior to initiation of study treatment
• Treatment with locoregional therapy to liver within 28 days prior to initiation of study treatment, or non-recovery from side effects of any such procedure
• Treatment with systemic immunostimulatory agents
• Treatment with systemic immunosuppressive medication
• Untreated or incompletely treated esophageal and/or gastric varices with bleeding or that are at high risk for bleeding
• A prior bleeding event due to esophageal and/or gastric varices within 6 months prior to initiation of study treatment
• Active or history of autoimmune disease or immune deficiency
• History of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, organizing pneumonia, drug-induced pneumonitis, or idiopathic pneumonitis, or evidence of active pneumonitis on screening chest computed tomography (CT) scan
• History of malignancy other than HCC within 5 years prior to screening, with the exception of malignancies with a negligible risk of metastasis or death
• Mixed histology or other subtypes/variants of HCC, including, but not limited to, known liver adenocarcinoma, fibrolamellar HCC, sarcomatoid HCC, other rare HCC variant, or mixed cholangiocarcinoma and HCC
• Co-infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV)
• Acute Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection or known or suspected chronic active EBV infection
• Symptomatic, untreated, or actively progressing central nervous system (CNS) metastases.