ADULTS
• Age 18-90
• Any participant undergoing sleep endoscopy as part of standard clinical care would be eligible. This entails physician concern for sleep-disordered breathing and corresponding questionnaire and/or polysomnogram results supporting a diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea.
• Participants without apnea are eligible, provided they are undergoing tonsillectomy or bronchoscopy for either chronic tonsillitis or airway assessment without concern for history of sleep apnea.
• Women with childbearing potential will not be excluded, as the proposed experiment would have no potential ramifications on childbearing potential. CHILDREN
• Age 5-17
• Any patients undergoing sleep endoscopy as part of standard clinical care would be eligible.
• Participants undergoing either tonsillectomy for chronic tonsillitis or bronchoscopy for airway assessment.
• Women with childbearing potential will not be excluded, as the proposed experiment would have no potential ramifications on childbearing potential.
• Participant desire to avoid added anesthesia time.
• Inability to safely tolerate the added anesthesia time (about 5-10 minutes) for the experiment (as judged by either otolaryngologist or anesthesiologist).
• Pregnant women
• Vulnerable groups (i.e., prisoners, individuals lacking consent capacity, individuals unable to read the consent form).

• Availability of an eligible haploidentical donor
• Hematologic malignancy or solid tumor
• Patients with more than one malignancy (hematologic or solid tumor) are eligible
• Patients with hematologic malignancy must have no HLA identical sibling or suitable unrelated donor OR time needed to find an acceptable unrelated donor match would likely result in disease progression such that the patient may become ineligible for any type of potentially curative transplant
• Relapsed or primary therapy-refractory AML with bone marrow blast < 20%
• High-risk refractory or relapsed ALL in patients for whom transplantation is deemed indicated (relapse occurring < 30 months from diagnosis, patients relapsing after previous allogeneic transplant, relapse after 2nd remission, primary induction failure or hypodiploidy)
• Relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma unable to achieve 2nd remission or Very Good Partial Response (VGPR) and therefore ineligible to receive autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (auto-HSCT)
• Hodgkin lymphoma relapsing after auto-HSCT
• Primary refractory or relapsed non-Hodgkin lymphoma unable to achieve 2nd remission or VGPR and therefore ineligible to receive auto-HSCT
• Non-Hodgkin lymphoma relapsing after auto-HSCT
• Myelodysplastic Syndrome/Myeloproliferative Syndrome Solid Tumor
• Patients with solid tumor must have failed or have been ineligible to receive auto-HSCT or if auto-HSCT would not offer > 20% chance of cure
• Neuroblastoma
• high risk with relapsed or refractory disease
• Soft tissue sarcomas (Rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor or other high-risk extracranial solid tumors)
• Relapsed or primary refractory metastatic
• 1st complete remission, but very high-risk features (i.e., < 20% survival with conventional therapy)
• Osteosarcoma
• Failure to achieve Complete Response (CR) following initial therapy
• Relapsed with pulmonary or bone metastases and did not achieve a CR with surgery and/or chemotherapy
• Karnofsky (patients > 16 years) or Lansky (patients 16 years or older) performance score of ≥ 60
• Life expectancy of ≥ 3 months
• Patient must have fully recovered from acute toxic effects of all prior chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiotherapy prior to entering this study
• Study enrollment no earlier than 3 months after preceding HSCT
• Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73m2
• Total bilirubin < 3 mg/dL
• ALT (alanine aminotransferase, SCPT) ≤ 5 x Upper LImit of Normal (ULN) for age
• Ejection fraction of > 40% by Multigated Acquisition Scan (MUGA) or echocardiogram
• No evidence of dyspnea at rest
• No supplemental oxygen requirement
• If measured, carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (DLCO) >50%
• No severe peripheral neuropathy, signs of leukoencephalopathy or active Central Nervous System (CNS) infection
• Patients with seizure disorders may be enrolled if seizures are well controlled on anticonvulsant therapy
• If of reproductive potential, negative pregnancy test and willing to use effective birth control method
• Informed consent from patient or legal guardian (if patient is minor) Inclusion Criteria for Donors:
• Donor must be 18 years of age minimum, 65 years of age maximum
• Donor must be in good general health as determined by evaluating medical provider
• Must meet donor criteria for human cells, tissues, and cellular and tissue-based products per Code of Federal Regulations 21 CFR 1271, subpart C. Specifically:
• Donor screening in accordance with 1271.75 indicates that the donor:
• Is free from risk factors for, and clinical evidence of, infection due to relevant communicable disease agents and diseases; and
• Is free from communicable disease risks associated with xenotransplantation; and
• The results of donor testing for relevant communicable disease agents in accordance with 1271.80 and 1271.85 are negative or nonreactive, except as provided in 1271.80(d)(1).
• Haploidentical by HLA-typing
• Preference will be given to donors who demonstrate KIR incompatibility with recipient HLA class I ligands defined as the donor expressing a KIR gene for which the corresponding HLA class I ligand is not expressed by the recipient.
• Negative testing for relevant communicable diseases:
• Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)
• Hepatitis B core antibody (Anti-HBc)
• Hepatitis C antibody (Anti-HCV)
• HIV 1 & 2 antibody (Anti-HIV-1, 2 plus O)
• HTLV I/II antibody (Anti-HTLV I/II)
• RPR (Syphilis TP)
• CMV (Capture CMV)
• MPX for: HepB (HBV-PCR), HepC (HCV-PCR), HIV (HIV-PCR)
• NAT for West Nile Virus (WNV-PCR)
• T. Cruzi
•EIA (Chagas)
• Pregnant or breast-feeding
• HIV infection
• Heart failure or uncontrolled cardiac rhythm disturbance
• Uncontrolled, Serious Active Infection
• Prior organ allograft
• Significant serious intercurrent illness unrelated to cancer or its treatment not covered by other exclusion criteria expected to significantly increase the risk of HSCT
• Any mental or physical condition, in the opinion of the PI (or PI designee), which could interfere with the ability of the subject (or the only parent or legal guardian available to care for the subject) to understand or adhere to the requirements of the study
• Enrollment in any other clinical study from screening up to Day 100 (unless PI judges such enrollment would not interfere with endpoints of this study) Exclusion Criteria for Donors:
• Lactating females
• Pregnant females

1. History of or concurrent asthma or allergic rhinitis (hay fever) in either biologic parent or sibling (at least one shared biological parent) by parental report. The presence of paternal or sibling allergy or asthma will be ascertained by maternal report. 2. Maternal age greater than or equal to 18 years at the time of study enrollment. 1. Maternal HIV infection at time of delivery. 2. Plans for the family to move out of the geographic area during the period of the study. 3. Does not speak English. 4. Current maternal use of progesterone during pregnancy to prevent preterm birth.
• Progesterone use is only an exclusion if currently being taken at time of enrollment for preterm birth. Previous use to prevent preterm birth or use at any time for other indications is allowed. 5. Pregnancy is a result of an embryo donor (egg and sperm donor pregnancies are permitted). 6. Past or current medical problems or findings from physical examination or laboratory testing which, in the opinion of the investigator or designee, may pose additional risks from participation in the study, may interfere with the participant's ability to comply with study requirements or that may impact the quality or interpretation of the data obtained from the study.

Asthmatic Patients: 1. Physician diagnosis of asthma, 2. Age 6 years and older 3. Evidence of historical reversibility, including either:
• FEV1 bronchodilator reversibility ≥ 12%, or
• Airway hyperresponsiveness reflected by a methacholine PC20 ≤16 mg/mL. 1. Pregnancy during the characterization phase, 2. Current smoking, 3. Smoking history > 10 pack years if ≥30 years of age, or smoking history > 5 pack years if <30 years of age (Note: if a subject has a smoking history, no smoking within the past year), 4. Other chronic pulmonary disorders associated with asthma-like symptoms, including (but not limited to) cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic bronchitis, vocal cord dysfunction (that is the sole cause of respiratory symptoms and at the PI's discretion), severe scoliosis or chest wall deformities that affect lung function, or congenital disorders of the lungs or airways, 5. History of premature birth before 35 weeks gestation, 6. Unwillingness to receive an intramuscular triamcinolone acetonide injection, 7. Evidence that the participant or family may be unreliable or poorly adherent to their asthma treatment or study procedures, 8. Planning to relocate from the clinical center area before study completion, 9. Any other criteria that place the subject at unnecessary risk according to the judgment of the Principal Investigator and/or attending physician(s) of record, or 10. Currently participating in an investigational drug trial for asthma therapies. Healthy Controls: Inclusion criteria: Healthy subjects between the age of 18 and 65 years. Exclusion criteria 1. History of chronic diseases that affect the lungs, 2. A history suggestive of allergic rhinitis, eczema or chronic sinusitis, 3. An improvement in FEV1 of more than 12% following 4 puffs of albuterol, 4. Smoking history > 10 pack years if ≥30 years of age, or smoking history > 5 pack years if <30 years of age, or any smoking within the past year, 5. Respiratory tract infection within the past 4 weeks, 6. Pregnancy, 7. History of premature birth (<35 weeks).

• Patients must have undergone complete surgical resection of their stage IB (>= 4 cm), II, or non-squamous IIIA NSCLC per American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 7th edition and have had negative margins; N3 disease is not allowed
• Baseline chest computed tomography (CT) with or without contrast must be performed within 6 months (180 days) prior to randomization to ensure no evidence of disease; if clinically indicated additional imaging studies must be performed to rule out metastatic disease
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0 or 1
• Patients must be registered to the ALCHEMIST-SCREEN (ALLIANCE A151216) trial prior to randomization
• Positive for translocation or inversion events involving the ALK gene locus (e.g. resulting in echinoderm microtubule associated protein like 4 [EML4]-ALK fusion) as determined by the Vysis Break Point fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay and defined by an increase in the distance between 5? and 3? ALK probes or the loss of the 5? probe; this must have been performed:
• By a local Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) certified laboratory: report must indicate the results as well as the CLIA number of the laboratory which performed the assay; tissue must be available for submission for central, retrospective confirmation of the ALK fusion status via ALCHEMIST-SCREEN (ALLIANCE A151216) OR
• Patient registered to and the ALK fusion status performed centrally on the ALCHEMIST-SCREEN (ALLIANCE A151216)
• Women must not be pregnant or breast-feeding
• All females of childbearing potential must have a blood or urine pregnancy test within 72 hours prior to randomization to rule out pregnancy; a female of childbearing potential is any woman, regardless of sexual orientation or whether they have undergone tubal ligation, who meets the following criteria: 1) has not undergone a hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy; or 2) has not been naturally postmenopausal for at least 24 consecutive months (i.e., has had menses at any time in the preceding 24 consecutive months)
• Women of childbearing potential and sexually active males must be strongly advised to practice abstinence or use an accepted and effective method of contraception
• Patients must NOT have uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, serious ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements
• No known interstitial fibrosis or interstitial lung disease
• No prior treatment with crizotinib or another ALK inhibitor
• No ongoing cardiac dysrhythmias of grade >= 2 National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0, uncontrolled atrial fibrillation (any grade), or corrected QT (QTc) interval > 470 msec
• No use of medications, herbals, or foods that are known potent cytochrome P450, subfamily 3A, polypeptide 4 (CYP3A4) inhibitors or inducers, included but not limited to those outlined
• Patients must be adequately recovered from surgery at the time of randomization
• The minimum time requirement between date of surgery and randomization must be at least 4 weeks (28 days)
• The maximum time requirement between surgery and randomization must be:
• 3 months (90 days) if no adjuvant chemotherapy was administered
• 8 months (240 days) if adjuvant chemotherapy was administered
• 10 months (300 days) if adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy were administered
• Patients must have completed any prior adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy 2 or more weeks (6 or more weeks for mitomycin and nitrosoureas) prior to randomization and be adequately recovered at the time of randomization
• NOTE: Patients taking low dose methotrexate for non-malignant conditions and other cytotoxic agents for non-malignant conditions are allowed to continue treatment while on study
• NOTE: Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy for the resected lung cancer is not permitted
• Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =< 2.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN)
• Total serum bilirubin =< 1.5 x ULN
• Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1500/mm^3
• Platelets >= 30,000/mm^3
• Hemoglobin >= 8.0 g/dL
• Serum creatinine =< 2 x ULN
• Prior to randomization patients with any non-hematologic toxicity from surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation must have recovered to grade =< 1 with the exception of alopecia and the criteria outlined
• Patients must not have any history of locally advanced or metastatic cancer requiring systemic therapy within 5 years from randomization, with the exception of in-situ carcinomas and non-melanoma skin cancer; patients must have no previous primary lung cancer diagnosed concurrently or within the past 2 years
• Patients may not be receiving any other investigational agents while on study

• PATIENT PRE-REGISTRATION ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA:
• For pre-surgical patients
• Suspected diagnosis of resectable non-small cell lung cancer; cancers with a histology of "adenosquamous" are considered a type of adenocarcinoma and thus a "nonsquamous" histology; patients with squamous cell carcinoma are eligible
• Suspected clinical stage of IIIA, II (IIA or IIB) or large IB (defined as size >= 4 cm); Note: IB tumors < 4 cm are NOT eligible; stage IB cancer based on pleural invasion is not eligible unless the tumor size is >= 4 cm; the 7th edition of American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging will be utilized
• For post-surgical patients
• Completely resected non-small cell lung cancer with negative margins (R0); patients with squamous cell carcinoma are eligible only if they have not received adjuvant therapy
• Pathologic stage IIIA, II (IIA or IIB) or large IB (defined as size >= 4 cm); Note: IB tumors < 4 cm are NOT eligible; stage IB cancer based on pleural invasion is not eligible unless the tumor size is >= 4 cm; the 7th edition of AJCC staging will be utilized
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-1
• Age ≥ 18 years
• No patients who have received neoadjuvant therapy (chemo- or radio-therapy) for this lung cancer
• No locally advanced or metastatic cancer requiring systemic therapy within 5 years prior to registration; no secondary primary lung cancer diagnosed concurrently or within 2 year prior to registration
• No prior treatment with agents targeting EGFR mutation, ALK rearrangement, and PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA-4
• No patients known to be pregnant or lactating
• Patients who have had local genotyping are eligible, regardless of the local result
• No patients with recurrence of lung cancer after prior resection
• Note: Post-surgical patients should proceed to registration immediately following preregistration
• PATIENT REGISTRATION ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA:
• Tissue available for the required analyses (either clinical tissue block or slides and scrolls)
• Completely resected NSCLC with negative margins (R0); cancers with a histology of "adenosquamous" are considered a type of adenocarcinoma and thus a "nonsquamous" histology
• Pathologic stage IIIA, IIA or IIB, or large IB (defined as size >= 4 cm); Note: IB tumors < 4 cm are NOT eligible; stage IB cancer based on pleural invasion is not eligible unless the tumor size is >= 4 cm; the 7th edition of AJCC staging will be utilized
• Patients with squamous cell carcinoma are eligible only if they have not received adjuvant therapy
• In order to allow for time for central genotyping and eligibility for the ALCHEMIST treatment trial, patients must register within the following eligibility windows:
• Squamous patients:
• No adjuvant therapy permitted, register patient within 77 days following surgery
• Non-squamous patients:
• If no adjuvant therapy, register patient within 75 days following surgery
• If adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy only, register patient within 225 days following surgery
• If adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation, register patient within 285 days following surgery

1. Participant is < 21 years of age 2. Parent/ Legal Guardian/ Adult Participant can understand the consent process and is willing to provide informed consent/HIPAA: 3. (a) Participant is receiving one or more of the study drugs of interest at the time of enrollment or (b) Participant is NOT receiving one or more of the study drugs of interest but is SARS-COV-2 positive within 60 days prior to enrollment 1. Participant has a known pregnancy Below exclusion criteria apply only to: Participants receiving one or more of the study drugs of interest at the time of enrollment, DOI administration or PK sampling: (Refer to DOI specific appendices for details on enrollment cohort specifications and additional eligibility criteria) 2. Has had intermittent dialysis within previous 24 hours 3. Has had a kidney transplant within previous 30 days 4. Has had a liver transplant within previous 1 year 5. Has had a stem cell transplant within previous 1 year 6. Has had therapeutic hypothermia within previous 24 hours 7. Has had plasmapheresis within the previous 24 hours 8. Has a Ventricular Assist Device 9. Has any condition which would make the participant, in the opinion of the investigator, unsuitable for the study

1. Written informed consent (and assent when applicable) obtained from subject or subject's legal representative 2. Enrolled in the CFFPR 3. Male or female ≥ 4 months of age on day of study visit 4. Diagnosis of CF. 5. Current treatment with a prescribed commercially approved CFTR modulator for at least 90 days prior to enrollment 6. Able to perform the testing and procedures required for this study, as judged by the investigator Additional Inclusion Criteria for CHEC-PKPD Sub-Study: 1. Male or female ≥ 6 years of age on day of study visit. 2. Current treatment with elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor for at least 90 days prior to enrollment. 3. Last dose of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor taken at least 24hours and last dose of ivacaftor taken at least 12 hours prior to trough blood draw on day of visit. 1. Presence of a condition or abnormality that, in the opinion of the Investigator, would compromise the safety of the patient or the quality of the data 2. Currently enrolled in an investigational trial (including open-label follow-on studies and Early Access Programs (EAP) of an agent expected to have an impact on sweat chloride (refer to current list provided on study website)

Major 1. Men and women 18 years of age or older. 2. 9 cohorts will be enrolled:
• Cohort A1 / Exon 14 NSCLC MET inhibitor naive in first line: Histologically or cytologically confirmed NSCLC with Exon 14 skipping mutations; all histologies; unresectable or metastatic disease (Stage 3b/4); treatment-naive subjects in first line; not received any MET inhibitor and no known MET kinase inhibitor resistance mutations
• Cohort A2 / Exon 14 NSCLC
•MET inhibitor naïve: Histologically or cytologically confirmed NSCLC with Exon 14 skipping mutations; all histologies; unresectable or metastatic disease (Stage 3b/4); pretreated subjects refractory to or intolerant of standard therapies with no more than three lines of prior therapy in the unresectable or metastatic setting; not received any MET inhibitor and no known MET kinase inhibitor resistance mutations
• Cohort B / Exon 14 NSCLC MET inhibitor experienced: ENROLLMENT COMPLETED
• Cohort C / MET amplification basket tumor types excluding primary CNS tumors: Any solid tumor type regardless of histology excluding primary CNS tumors, with MET amplification; unresectable or metastatic disease, refractory to or intolerant of standard therapies, or refused standard therapies, or if therapy was unavailable or unfeasible, with no more than 3 prior lines of therapy in the unresectable or metastatic setting; not received any MET inhibitor and no known MET kinase inhibitor resistance mutations
• Cohort C1 / MET amplification and wild-type EGFR NSCLC: NSCLC regardless of histology, harboring MET amplification and wild-type EGFR; unresectable or metastatic disease, previously untreated or treated with no more than 3 prior lines of therapy in the unresectable or metastatic setting; not received any MET inhibitor and no known MET kinase inhibitor resistance mutations
• Cohort C2 / EGFR positive NSCLC with acquired MET amplification (APL-101 Add-on Therapy): Unresectable or metastatic NSCLC regardless of histology, harboring EGFR activating mutations with acquired MET-Amplification as resistance mechanism to the EGFR-I; developed resistance to first-line EGFR-inhibitor therapy after an initial response (documented PR for at least 12 weeks); radiological documentation of disease progression per RECIST on first-line EGFR inhibitor therapy; currently on an EGFR-inhibitor therapy and agrees to receive APL-101 as an add-on therapy during the study; no history of interstitial lung disease (ILD)/pneumonitis, Grade ≥3 liver toxicity or QT prolongation with EGFR-I therapy; not received any MET inhibitor and no known MET kinase inhibitor resistance mutations
• Cohort D / MET fusion basket tumor types excluding primary CNS tumors: any solid tumor type regardless of histology excluding primary CNS tumors; unresectable or metastatic disease, refractory to or intolerant of standard therapies, or refused standard therapies, or if therapy was unavailable or unfeasible, with no more than 3 prior lines of therapy in the unresectable or metastatic setting; not received any MET inhibitor and no known MET kinase inhibitor resistance mutations
• Cohort E / Primary CNS tumors with MET alterations: subjects with primary CNS tumors who meet inclusion criteria of MET dysregulations defined as single or co-occurred MET fusion including PTPRZ1-MET (ZM) fusion, MET Exon 14 skipping mutations, or MET amplification; refractory to or intolerant of standard therapies, or refused standard therapies, or if therapy was unavailable or unfeasible, with no more than 3 prior lines of therapy in the unresectable or metastatic setting; not received any MET inhibitor and no known MET kinase inhibitor resistance mutations; neurological symptoms controlled on a stable/decreasing dose of steroids for at least 2 weeks before C1D1
• Cohort F / Basket tumor types harboring wild-type MET with over-expression of HGF and MET: any solid tumor type regardless of histology harboring wild-type MET with overexpression of HGF and MET; Unresectable or metastatic disease, refractory to or intolerant of standard therapies, or refused standard therapies, or if therapy was unavailable or unfeasible, with no more than 3 prior lines of therapy in the unresectable or metastatic setting; not received any MET inhibitor and no known MET kinase inhibitor resistance mutations 3. Treated or untreated asymptomatic parenchymal CNS disease or leptomeningeal disease is allowed. 4. Presence of ≥1 measurable lesion (scan done ≤28 days of C1D1) to serve as target lesion according to relevant criteria 5. ECOG performance status of 0-1. For subjects with primary CNS tumors, KPS score ≥70. 6. Acceptable organ function 7. For all prior anticancer treatment, a duration of 30 days or 5 half-lives of the agents used, whichever is shorter, must have elapsed, and any encountered toxicity must have resolved to levels meeting all the other eligibility criteria prior to the first dose of study treatment. Palliative radiotherapy to non-target lesions should be completed within 2 weeks prior to APL-101 administration. 8. Adequate cardiac function 9. Women of child-bearing potential must have a negative serum or Beta-hCG at screening or evidence of surgical sterility or evidence of post-menopausal status 10. No planned major surgery within 4 weeks of first dose of APL-101 11. Expected survival (life expectancy) ≥ 3 months from C1D1 12. Provision of sample; e.g. archival or a fresh tumor biopsy sample (if safe and feasible) either from the primary or a metastatic site) or liquid biopsy sample (if tumor tissue is insufficient or lacking, and approved by the sponsor) is required for prospective central lab confirmation for study entry (subjects with previously confirmed molecular status by the Sponsor designated central lab or FDA approved NGS based MET testing may be exempted, subjected to Sponsor approval. Major 1. Hypersensitivity to APL-101, excipients of the drug product, or other components of the study treatment regimen. 2. Known actionable mutation/gene rearrangement of EGFR (except for NSCLC subjects in Cohort C and C-2), ALK, ROS1, RET, NTRK, KRAS, and BRAF. 3. Use or intended use of any other investigational product, including herbal medications, through Study Treatment Termination. 4. Active uncontrolled systemic bacterial, viral, or fungal infection or clinically significant, active disease process, which in the opinion of the investigator makes the risk: benefit unfavorable for the participation of the trial. 5. Life-threatening illness, significant organ system dysfunction or comorbid conditions, or other reasons that, in the investigator's opinion, could compromise the subject's safety or the integrity of the study outcomes, or interfere with the absorption or metabolism of APL-101. 6. Unstable angina or myocardial infarction within 1 year prior to first dose of APL-101, symptomatic or unstable arrhythmia requiring medical therapy, history of congenital prolonged QT syndrome, prolonged QT interval corrected by Fridericia formula (QTcF) at screening, or concurrent treatment with a medication that is a known risk for prolonging the QT interval. Chronic controlled atrial fibrillation is not excluded. 7. Historical seropositive results consistent with active infection for hepatitis C virus (HCV) or hepatitis B virus (HBV) with high viral loads not actively managed with antiviral therapy and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive subjects who are not clinically stable or controlled on their medication (asymptomatic subjects with CD4+ T-cell (CD4+) counts ≥ 350 cells/μL and have not had an opportunistic infection within the past 12 months prior to first dose of APL-101 would be eligible for study entry. If history is unclear, relevant test(s) at Screening will be required to confirm eligibility. 8. Known significant mental illness or other conditions such as active alcohol or other substance abuse that, in the opinion of the investigator, predisposes the subject to high risk of noncompliance with the protocol treatment or assessments. 9. Unable to swallow orally administered medication whole. 10. Impairment of gastrointestinal function or gastrointestinal disease that may significantly alter drug absorption 11. Women who are breastfeeding 12. History of another malignancy within 3 years prior to C1D1. A subject with the following malignancies is allowed if considered cured or unlikely to recur within 3 years: 1. Carcinoma of the skin without melanomatous features. 2. Curatively treated cervical carcinoma in situ. 3. Bladder tumors considered superficial such as noninvasive (T1a) and carcinoma in situ (T1s), thyroid papillary cancer with prior treatment, prostate cancer which has been surgically or medically treated and not likely to recur within 3 years. 13. Subjects who are unable or unwilling to discontinue excluded medications (drugs with known QTc risk and known strong cytochrome P450 [CYP]3A4 inducer and/or strong inhibitors) for at least 5 half-lives prior to first dose of study drug. Subjects may qualify if such medication(s) can be safely replaced with alternate medications with less risk of drug-drug interaction. 14. Subjects with active COVID-19 infection. 15. Symptomatic and/or neurologically unstable CNS metastases, or who require an increase in steroid dose to control CNS disease. Subjects who have been receiving a stable steroid dose for at least 2 weeks prior to C1D1 may be allowed.

1. Parent/guardian must be able to understand and provide signed and dated written informed consent; he/she must also be able to communicate with study staff. 2. 24-47 months of age at randomization 3. 2-4 wheezing episodes in the past year 4. positive allergy to aeroallergen 5. first degree relative with history or current diagnosis of asthma or allergy 6. If is participating in a food immunotherapy treatment that is not part of a clinical trial, has been on an established maintenance regimen implemented continuously for a minimum of 2 months. 1. >4 episodes of wheezing in the past year 2. Use of Step 5 or Step 6 therapy (ICS plus LABA ) at the time of enrollment (Visit 0). 3. Need for systemic corticosteroids or a hospitalization for respiratory symptoms within four weeks prior to screening. 4. Three or more courses of systemic corticosteroids for wheezing illnesses in the last year 5. More than four days of symptoms of wheezing, or tightness in the chest or cough in the past two weeks causing at least minimal limitation of activity 6. More than four days of albuterol treatment (for symptoms) in the past two weeks 7. More than one night of symptoms of wheezing, or tightness in the chest or cough causing sleep disruption in the past two weeks 8. More than one night of albuterol treatment (for symptoms) in the past two weeks 9. Prematurity (<34 weeks gestation) 10. Need for oxygen for more than 5 days in the neonatal period 11. History of intubation or mechanical ventilation for respiratory illness 12. Other significant medical conditions, including: major congenital anomalies, cystic fibrosis, chronic pulmonary diseases, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, thoracic surgery, history of tuberculosis, immunodeficiency (primary or secondary), seizure disorders 13. Expecting to relocate within 4 years of study initiation to a place which would make in-person clinical visits impossible 14. Deemed unable to adhere to study activities 15. Prior aeroallergen immunotherapy or use of biologics including anti-IgE 16. Prior IVIG or systemic immunosuppressant other than corticosteroids 17. History of hypoxic seizures during a wheezing episode 18. Total IgE outside of the omalizumab dosing range. 19. Enrolled in any clinical medication trial within the past 30 days. 20. With platelet counts < 150 x 109/L at the Screening Visit (V0) 21. Past or current medical problems or findings from physical examination or laboratory testing that are not listed above, which, in the opinion of the investigator, may pose additional risks from participation in the study, may interfere with the participant's ability to comply with study requirements or may impact the quality or interpretation of the data obtained from the study. 22. History of severe anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions from any cause

1. TIA with ABCD2 ≥4 or ischemic stroke, within the prior 14 days. 1. pre-event inability to perform all of own basic ADLs 2. unable to obtain informed consent from subject or legally authorized representative 3. incarcerated 4. known pregnancy 5. current mechanical ventilation (can enroll later if this resolves) or tracheostomy 6. current use of positive airway pressure, or use within one month prior to stroke 7. anatomical or dermatologic anomaly that makes use of CPAP interface unfeasible 8. severe bullous lung disease 9. history of prior spontaneous pneumothorax or current pneumothorax 10. hypotension requiring current treatment with pressors (can enroll later if this resolves) 11. other specific medical circumstances that conceivably, in the opinion of the site PI, could render the patient at risk of harm from use of CPAP 12. massive epistaxis or previous history of massive epistaxis 13. cranial surgery or head trauma within the past 6 months, with known or possible CSF leak or pneumocephalus 14. recent hemicraniectomy or suboccipital craniectomy (i.e. those whose bone has not yet been replaced), or any other recent bone removal procedure for relief of intracranial pressure 15. current receipt of oxygen supplementation >4 liters per minute 16. current contact, droplet, respiratory/airborne precautions

• Target population: greater than or equal to (>=) 18 (or the legal age of consent in the jurisdiction in which the study is taking place) years of age
• Target population: Symptomatic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) in World Health Organization Functional Class (WHO FC) II, III, or IV
• Target population: PAH subtype falling in one of the below classifications: Idiopathic; Heritable; Drug- or toxin-induced; Related to: Connective tissue disease, HIV infection, Portal hypertension, and Congenital heart disease with small/coincidental cardiac defect with systemic-to-pulmonary shunt (for example atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, atrioventricular septal defect) which does not account for the elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) or persistent PAH documented by an Right heart catheterization (RHC) >= 1 year after simple systemic-to pulmonary shunt repair
• PAH diagnosis confirmed by hemodynamic evaluation at rest at any time prior to screening: Mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) greater than (>) 20 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), and; Pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) or left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) less than or equal to (<=) 15 mm Hg, and PVR >= 3 Wood Units (that is, >= 240 dyn*sec/cm^5)
• Able to perform the 6-minute walking test (6MWT) with a minimum distance of 50 meters (m) and maximum distance of 440m at screening. Participants able to walk more than 440m at screening are eligible if they are in WHO FC III or IV and n-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide or n-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level is >=300 nanograms per liter (ng/L) at screening, based on central laboratory results
• Known presence of three or more of the following risk factors for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction at screening, based on records that confirm documented medical history: Body mass index (BMI) > 30 kilograms per meter square (kg/m^2), Diabetes mellitus of any type, Essential hypertension (even if well controlled); Coronary artery disease, that is, any of the following: history of stable angina, or known more than 50 percent (%) stenosis in a coronary artery, or history of myocardial infarction, or history of or planned coronary artery bypass grafting and/or coronary artery stenting
• Presence of moderate or severe obstructive lung disease (forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1] / forced vital capacity [FVC] < 70%; and FEV1 < 60% of predicted after bronchodilator administration) ) in participants with a known or suspected history of significant lung disease as documented by a spirometry test performed within 1 year prior to screening
• Known moderate to severe hepatic impairment, defined as Child-Pugh Class B or C, based on records that confirm documented medical history
• Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and/or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) > 1.5*upper limit of normal (ULN) at screening
• Hemoglobin < 100 gram per liter (g/L) (< 10 gram per deciliter [g/dL]) at screening

• Histologically confirmed diagnosis of a solid tumor malignancy with KRAS G12C mutation
• Unresectable or metastatic disease
• Standard treatment is not available or patient declines; first-line treatment for NSCLC for certain cohorts
• Adequate organ function
• History of intestinal disease or major gastric surgery or inability to swallow oral medications
• Other active cancer

• Patient must have enrolled onto APEC1621SC and must have been given a treatment assignment to Molecular Analysis for Therapy Choice (MATCH) to APEC1621F based on the presence of an actionable mutation
• Patients must be >= than 12 months and =< 21 years of age at the time of study enrollment.
• Patients must have a body surface area >= 0.5 m^2 at enrollment
• Patients must have radiographically measurable disease at the time of study enrollment. Patients with neuroblastoma who do not have measurable disease but have iobenguane (MIBG) positive (+) evaluable disease are eligible; measurable disease in patients with CNS involvement is defined as any lesion that is at minimum 10 mm in one dimension on a standard MRI or CT
• Note: The following do not qualify as measurable disease:
• Malignant fluid collections (e.g., ascites, pleural effusions)
• Bone marrow infiltration except that detected by MIBG scan for neuroblastoma
• Lesions only detected by nuclear medicine studies (e.g., bone, gallium or positron emission tomography [PET] scans) except as noted for neuroblastoma
• Elevated tumor markers in plasma or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
• Previously radiated lesions that have not demonstrated clear progression post radiation
• Leptomeningeal lesions that do not meet the measurement requirements for Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1
• Karnofsky >= 50% for patients > 16 years of age and Lansky >= 50 for patients =< 16 years of age
• Note: Neurologic deficits in patients with CNS tumors must have been relatively stable for at least 7 days prior to study enrollment; patients who are unable to walk because of paralysis, but who are up in a wheelchair, will be considered ambulatory for the purpose of assessing the performance score
• Patients must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior anti-cancer therapy and must meet the following minimum duration from prior anti-cancer directed therapy prior to enrollment; if after the required timeframe, the numerical eligibility criteria are met, e.g. blood count criteria, the patient is considered to have recovered adequately
• Cytotoxic chemotherapy or other anti-cancer agents known to be myelosuppressive: >= 21 days after the last dose of cytotoxic or myelosuppressive chemotherapy (42 days if prior nitrosourea)
• Anti-cancer agents not known to be myelosuppressive (e.g. not associated with reduced platelet or absolute neutrophil counts [ANC] counts): >= 7 days after the last dose of agent
• Antibodies: >= 21 days must have elapsed from infusion of last dose of antibody, and toxicity related to prior antibody therapy must be recovered to grade =< 1
• Corticosteroids: if used to modify immune adverse events related to prior therapy, >= 14 days must have elapsed since last dose of corticosteroid
• Hematopoietic growth factors: >= 14 days after the last dose of a long-acting growth factor (e.g. pegfilgrastim) or 7 days for short-acting growth factor; for growth factors that have known adverse events occurring beyond 7 days after administration, this period must be extended beyond the time during which adverse events are known to occur; the duration of this interval must be discussed with the study chair and the study-assigned research coordinator
• Interleukins, interferons and cytokines (other than hematopoietic growth factors): >= 21 days after the completion of interleukins, interferon or cytokines (other than hematopoietic growth factors)
• Stem cell Infusions (with or without total body irradiation [TBI]):
• Allogeneic (non-autologous) bone marrow or stem cell transplant, or any stem cell infusion including donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) or boost infusion: >= 84 days after infusion and no evidence of graft versus host disease (GVHD)
• Autologous stem cell infusion including boost infusion: >= 42 days
• Cellular therapy: >= 42 days after the completion of any type of cellular therapy (e.g. modified T cells, natural killer [NK] cells, dendritic cells, etc.)
• Radiation therapy (XRT)/external beam irradiation including protons: >= 14 days after local XRT; >= 150 days after TBI, craniospinal XRT or if radiation to >= 50% of the pelvis; >= 42 days if other substantial none marrow (BM) radiation
• Note: Radiation may not be delivered to "measurable disease" tumor site(s) being used to follow response to subprotocol treatment
• Radiopharmaceutical therapy (e.g., radiolabeled antibody, 131I-MIBG): >= 42 days after systemically administered radiopharmaceutical therapy
• Patients must not have received prior exposure to ensartinib; prior treatment with other ALK inhibitors is permitted given that at least 5 half-lives or 21 days have elapsed since therapy discontinuation, whichever is greater
• For patients with solid tumors without known bone marrow involvement:
• Peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1000/mm^3 (within 7 days prior to enrollment)
• Platelet count >= 100,000/mm^3 (transfusion independent, defined as not receiving platelet transfusions for at least 7 days prior to enrollment) (within 7 days prior to enrollment)
• Patients with known bone marrow metastatic disease will be eligible for study provided they meet the blood counts (may receive transfusions provided they are not known to be refractory to red cell or platelet transfusions); these patients will not be evaluable for hematologic toxicity
• Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >= 70 ml/min/1.73 m^2 (within 7 days prior to enrollment) or a serum creatinine based on age/gender as follows (within 7 days prior to enrollment):
• Age 1 to < 2 years: maximum serum creatinine 0.6 mg/dL for male and 0.6 mg/dL for female
• Age 2 to < 6 years: maximum serum creatinine 0.8 mg/dL for male and 0.8 mg/dL for female
• Age 6 to < 10 years: maximum serum creatinine 1 mg/dL for male and 1 mg/dL for female
• Age 10 to < 13 years: maximum serum creatinine 1.2 mg/dL for male and 1.2 mg/dL for female
• Age 13 to < 16 years: maximum serum creatinine 1.5 mg/dL for male and 1.4 mg/dL for female
• Age >= 16 years: maximum serum creatinine 1.7 mg/dL for male and 1.4 mg/dL for female
• Bilirubin (sum of conjugated + unconjugated) =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age (within 7 days prior to enrollment)
• Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) =< 135 U/L (within 7 days prior to enrollment) (for the purpose of this study, the ULN for SGPT is 45 U/L)
• Serum albumin >= 2 g/dL (within 7 days prior to enrollment)
• Patients must be able to swallow intact capsules
• All patients and/or their parents or legally authorized representatives must sign a written informed consent; assent, when appropriate, will be obtained according to institutional guidelines
• Pregnant or breast-feeding women will not be entered on this study because there is currently no available information regarding human fetal or teratogenic toxicities; pregnancy tests must be obtained in girls who are post-menarchal; males or females of reproductive potential may not participate unless they have agreed to use an effective contraceptive method for the duration of study treatment and for one week after the last dose of ensartinib
• Concomitant medications
• Corticosteroids: patients receiving corticosteroids who have not been on a stable or decreasing dose of corticosteroid for at least 7 days prior to enrollment are not eligible; if used to modify immune adverse events related to prior therapy, >= 14 days must have elapsed since last dose of corticosteroid
• Investigational drugs: patients who are currently receiving another investigational drug are not eligible
• Anti-cancer agents: patients who are currently receiving other anti-cancer agents are not eligible
• Anti-GVHD agents post-transplant: patients who are receiving cyclosporine, tacrolimus or other agents to prevent graft-versus-host disease post bone marrow transplant are not eligible for this trial
• CYP3A4 agents: patients who are currently receiving drugs that are strong inducers or strong inhibitors of CYP3A4 are not eligible; strong inducers or inhibitors of CYP3A4 should be avoided from 14 days prior to enrollment to the end of the study
• Note: CYP3A4 inducing anti-epileptic drugs and dexamethasone for CNS tumors or metastases, on a stable dose, are allowed
• Patients who have an uncontrolled infection are not eligible
• Patients who have received a prior solid organ transplantation are not eligible
• Patients who in the opinion of the investigator may not be able to comply with the safety monitoring requirements of the study are not eligible

• ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR ENROLLMENT ONTO APEC1621SC: Patients must be >= 12 months and =< 21 years of age at the time of study enrollment
• ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR ENROLLMENT ONTO APEC1621SC: Patients with recurrent or refractory solid tumors, including non-Hodgkin lymphomas, histiocytoses (e.g. langerhans cell histiocytosis [LCH], juvenile xanthogranuloma [JXG], histiocytic sarcoma), and central nervous system (CNS) tumors are eligible; patients must have had histologic verification of malignancy at original diagnosis or relapse except in patients with intrinsic brain stem tumors, optic pathway gliomas, or patients with pineal tumors and elevations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or serum tumor markers including alpha-fetoprotein or beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG); in cases where patient enrolls prior to histologic confirmation of recurrent disease, patient is ineligible and should be withdrawn from study if histology fails to confirm recurrence; please note: Patients with Hodgkin lymphoma and plexiform neurofibroma are not eligible
• ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR ENROLLMENT ONTO APEC1621SC: Tumor Testing Requirement: Tumor sample availability requirement for stage 1 of Pediatric MATCH (patients enrolled from start of study in July 2017 through 12/31/21); Patients must have an formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor sample available for MATCH study testing from a biopsy or surgery that was performed at any point after initial tumor recurrence/progression, or be planned to have a procedure to obtain such a sample that is considered to be of potential benefit by the treating clinicians; a tumor sample from a clinically performed diagnostic (pre-treatment) biopsy will be acceptable for enrollment onto Pediatric MATCH only for children with high-grade gliomas of the brainstem (diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas) or thalamus
• Please note: Samples that have been decalcified using standardly utilized acid-based decalcification methods are not generally suitable for MATCH study testing; the nucleic acids will have been degraded in the decalcification process
• ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR ENROLLMENT ONTO APEC1621SC: Tumor molecular profiling report availability requirement for Stage 2 of Pediatric MATCH (patients enrolled starting 2022): In stage 2 of the study, no tumor samples will be submitted for centralized clinical tumor profiling; instead, a tumor molecular profiling report from a College of American Pathologists (CAP)/ Clinical Laboratory Improvements Amendments (CLIA)-approved testing laboratory must be submitted for review by the Molecular Review Committee (MRC)
• This molecular profiling must have been performed on a tumor sample that was obtained at any point after initial tumor recurrence/progression and must be accompanied by a pathology report for the same tumor specimen; a molecular profiling report for a diagnostic (pre-treatment) tumor sample will be acceptable for enrollment onto Pediatric MATCH only for children with high-grade gliomas of the brainstem (diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas) or thalamus. In the event that molecular profiling reports are available from multiple timepoints, the most recent report should be prioritized for study submission
• ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR ENROLLMENT ONTO APEC1621SC: Karnofsky >= 50% for patients > 16 years of age and Lansky >= 50 for patients =< 16 years of age); note: neurologic deficits in patients with central nervous system (CNS) tumors must have been stable for at least 7 days prior to study enrollment; patients who are unable to walk because of paralysis, but who are up in a wheelchair, will be considered ambulatory for the purpose of assessing the performance score
• ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR ENROLLMENT ONTO APEC1621SC: Patients must have radiographically measurable disease; measurable disease based on imaging obtained less than or equal to 56 days prior to enrollment; patients with neuroblastoma who do not have measurable disease but have metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) positive (+) evaluable disease are eligible; measurable disease in patients with CNS involvement is defined as any lesion that is at minimum 10 mm in one dimension on standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT)
• Note: The following do not qualify as measurable disease:
• Malignant fluid collections (e.g., ascites, pleural effusions)
• Bone marrow infiltration except that detected by MIBG scan for neuroblastoma
• Lesions only detected by nuclear medicine studies (e.g., bone, gallium or positron emission tomography [PET] scans) except as noted for neuroblastoma
• Elevated tumor markers in plasma or CSF
• Previously radiated lesions that have not demonstrated clear progression post radiation
• Leptomeningeal lesions that do not meet the measurement requirements for Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1
• GENERAL INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: NOTE: patient does not need to meet all subprotocol criteria at time of enrollment onto the APEC1621SC screening protocol, but will need to meet all criteria prior to enrollment on any assigned treatment subprotocol. Patients must be enrolled onto a subprotocol within 2 weeks (14 days) of treatment assignment
• GENERAL INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: Karnofsky >= 50% for patients > 16 years of age and Lansky >= 50 for patients =< 16 years of age); Note: neurologic deficits in patients with CNS tumors must have been stable for at least 7 days prior to study enrollment; patients who are unable to walk because of paralysis, but who are up in a wheelchair, will be considered ambulatory for the purpose of assessing the performance score
• GENERAL INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: At the time of treatment with subprotocol specified therapy, the patients must have radiographically measurable disease; patients with neuroblastoma who do not have measurable disease but have MIBG+ evaluable are eligible; measurable disease in patients with CNS involvement is defined as any lesion that is at minimum 10 mm in one dimension on standard MRI or CT
• Note: The following do not qualify as measurable disease:
• Malignant fluid collections (e.g., ascites, pleural effusions)
• Bone marrow infiltration except that detected by MIBG scan for neuroblastoma
• Lesions only detected by nuclear medicine studies (e.g., bone, gallium or positron emission tomography [PET] scans) except as noted for neuroblastoma
• Elevated tumor markers in plasma or CSF
• Previously radiated lesions that have not demonstrated clear progression post radiation
• Leptomeningeal lesions that do not meet the measurement requirements for RECIST 1.1
• GENERAL INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: At the time of enrollment onto a subprotocol, the following general criteria for initiation of therapy will be required:
• Patients must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior anticancer therapy and must meet the following minimum duration from prior anticancer directed therapy prior to enrollment to the subprotocol; if after the required timeframe, the numerical eligibility criteria are met, e.g. blood count criteria, the patient is considered to have recovered adequately
• Cytotoxic chemotherapy or other anticancer agents known to be myelosuppressive: for agents not listed, the duration of this interval must be discussed with the study chair and the study-assigned research coordinator prior to enrollment >= 21 days after the last dose of cytotoxic or myelosuppressive chemotherapy (42 days if prior nitrosourea)
• Anticancer agents not known to be myelosuppressive (e.g. not associated with reduced platelet or absolute neutrophil counts [ANC]): >= 7 days after the last dose of agent; for agents not listed, the duration of this interval must be discussed with the study chair and the study-assigned research coordinator prior to enrollment
• Antibodies: >= 21 days must have elapsed from infusion of last dose of antibody, and toxicity related to prior antibody therapy must be recovered to grade =< 1
• Corticosteroids: If used to modify immune adverse events related to prior therapy, >= 14 days must have elapsed since last dose of corticosteroid
• Hematopoietic growth factors: >= 14 days after the last dose of a long-acting growth factor (e.g. Neulasta) or 7 days for short-acting growth factor; for agents that have known adverse events occurring beyond 7 days after administration, this period must be extended beyond the time during which adverse events are known to occur; the duration of this interval must be discussed with the study chair and the study-assigned research coordinator
• Interleukins, interferons and cytokines (other than hematopoietic growth factors): >= 21 days after the completion of interleukins, interferon or cytokines (other than hematopoietic growth factors)
• Stem cell infusions (with or without total-body irradiation [TBI]):
• Allogeneic (non-autologous) bone marrow or stem cell transplant, or any stem cell infusion including donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) or boost infusion: >= 84 days after infusion and no evidence of graft versus host disease (GVHD)
• Autologous stem cell infusion including boost infusion: >= 42 days
• Cellular therapy: >= 42 days after the completion of any type of cellular therapy (e.g. modified T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells, etc.)
• X-ray therapy (XRT)/External Beam Irradiation including Protons: >= 14 days after local XRT; >= 150 days after TBI, craniospinal XRT or if radiation to >= 50% of the pelvis; >= 42 days if other substantial bone marrow (BM) radiation; note: radiation may not be delivered to "measurable disease" tumor site(s) being used to follow response to subprotocol treatment
• Radiopharmaceutical therapy (e.g., radiolabeled antibody, 131I-MIBG): >= 42 days after systemically administered radiopharmaceutical therapy
• GENERAL INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: For patients with solid tumors without known bone marrow involvement:
• Peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1000/mm^3
• Platelet count >= 100,000/mm^3 (transfusion independent, defined as not receiving platelet transfusions for at least 7 days prior to enrollment)
• GENERAL INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: Patients with known bone marrow metastatic disease will be eligible for study provided they meet the blood counts (may receive transfusions provided they are not known to be refractory to red cell or platelet transfusions); these patients will not be evaluable for hematologic toxicity
• GENERAL INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >= 70 ml/min/1.73 m^2 or a serum creatinine based on age/gender as follows:
• Age: 1 to < 2 years; maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL): male 0.6; female 0.6
• Age: 2 to < 6 years; maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL): male 0.8; female 0.8
• Age: 6 to < 10 years; maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL): male 1; female 1
• Age: 10 to < 13 years; maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL): male 1.2; female 1.2
• Age: 13 to < 16 years; maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL): male 1.5; female 1.4
• Age: >= 16 years; maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL): male 1.7; female 1.4
• GENERAL INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: Bilirubin (sum of conjugated + unconjugated) =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age
• GENERAL INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) (alanine transferase [ALT]) =< 135 U/L (for the purpose of this study, the ULN for SGPT is 45 U/L)
• GENERAL INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: Patients must be able to swallow intact capsules/tablets, unless otherwise specified in the subprotocol to which they are assigned
• GENERAL INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: Agent specific limitations on prior therapy will be included with specific treatment subprotocols
• GENERAL EXCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: Pregnant or breast-feeding women will not be entered on this study due to risks of fetal and teratogenic adverse events as seen in animal/human studies, or because there is currently no available information regarding human fetal or teratogenic toxicities; pregnancy tests must be obtained in females who are post-menarchal; males or females of reproductive potential may not participate unless they have agreed to use an effective contraceptive method
• GENERAL EXCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: Concomitant medications
• Corticosteroids: at the time of consent and enrollment to regimen specific subprotocols, patients receiving corticosteroids who have not been on a stable or decreasing dose of corticosteroid for at least 7 days prior to enrollment to the subprotocol will not be eligible; if used to modify immune adverse events related to prior therapy, >= 14 days must have elapsed since last dose of corticosteroid
• Investigational drugs: patients must meet criteria for prior therapy at the time of consent and enrollment to a subprotocol; other investigational agents may not be administered to patients while they are receiving study drug as part of a subprotocol
• Anticancer agents: patients must meet criteria for prior therapy at the time of consent and enrollment to a subprotocol; other investigational agents may not be administered to patients while they are receiving study drug as part of a subprotocol
• Anti-GVHD agents post-transplant: patients who are receiving cyclosporine, tacrolimus or other agents to prevent graft-versus-host disease post bone marrow transplant are not eligible
• GENERAL EXCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: Patients who have an uncontrolled infection are not eligible
• GENERAL EXCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: Patients who have had a prior solid organ transplant are not eligible
• GENERAL EXCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: Additional agent specific criteria will be included with specific treatment subprotocols

• There is no age limit for the low risk stratum (stage I ovarian immature teratoma and stage I non-seminoma or seminoma malignant GCT [all sites])
• Standard risk 1: Patient must be < 11 years of age at enrollment
• Standard risk 2: Patients must be >= 11 and < 25 years of age at enrollment
• Patients enrolling on one of the low risk arms must be newly diagnosed with a stage I germ cell tumor; for the standard risk arms, patients must be newly diagnosed with metastatic germ cell tumor (stage II or higher); histologic confirmation of a primary extracranial germ cell tumor in any of the categories outlined below is required of all patients at enrollment except for those who were initially diagnosed with stage I non-seminoma malignant GCT and later recur during observation post surgery off study; for these patients, if elevated tumor markers rise to > 5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) on at least 2 measurements taken at least 1 week apart, a diagnostic biopsy is not required for enrollment
• Low risk stage I immature teratoma (IT); site: ovarian; stage: Children's Oncology Group (COG) stage I, Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IA and IB; grade: 2 or 3; histology: pure immature teratoma (may contain microscopic foci of yolk sac tumor), mixed immature and mature teratoma, (no pathological evidence of MGCT); tumor markers: alpha-FP =< 1,000 ng/mL, beta-HCG institutional normal; all ages
• Low risk stage I non-seminoma MGCT; site: ovarian, testicular, or extragonadal; stage: COG stage I, FIGO stage IA and IB, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) testicular stage IA, IB and IS; histology: must contain at least one of the following: yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma, or choriocarcinoma (pure or mixed); all ages
• Low risk stage I seminoma-MGCT; site: testicular; stage: COG stage I; AJCC testicular stage IA IB, and IS; histology: must contain at least one of the following: may contain immature/mature teratoma; may NOT contain yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma, or choriocarcinoma; all ages
• Standard risk 1 (SR1); site: ovarian, testicular, or extragonadal; stage: COG stage II-IV, FIGO stage IC, FIGO stage II-IV (International Germ Cell Consensus Classification [IGCCC] criteria DO NOT apply); histology: must contain at least one of the following: yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma, or choriocarcinoma; age (years) < 11
• Standard risk 2 (SR2)
• Site: ovarian; stage: COG stage II and III, FIGO stage IC, II and III; histology: must contain at least one of the following: yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma, or choriocarcinoma; age (years) >= 11 and < 25
• Site: testicular; stage: COG stage II-IV, AJCC stage II, III, IGCCC good risk; histology: must contain at least one of the following: yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma, or choriocarcinoma; tumor markers: must be IGCCC good risk; post op: alpha-FP < 1,000 ng/mL, beta-HCG < 5,000 IU/mL and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) < 3.0 x normal; age (years) >= 11 and < 25
• Site: extragonadal; stage: COG stage II; histology: must contain at least one of the following: yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma, or choriocarcinoma; age (years) >= 11 and < 25
• Notes:
• IGCCC criteria only apply to SR2 patients with a testicular primary tumor
• Use post-op tumor marker levels to determine IGCCC risk group
• Stage 1 seminoma patients are not eligible for the standard risk arms of the study
• For the low risk stage I non-seminoma MGCT and the standard risk arms, components of yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma, or choriocarcinoma can be mixed with other forms of GCT, such as seminoma or mature or immature teratoma; if yolk sac tumor is the only malignant component present, then it must be deemed by the pathologist to be greater than a "microscopic component" of yolk sac tumor
• Patients must have a performance status corresponding to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores of 0, 1, 2 or 3; use Karnofsky for patients > 16 years of age and Lansky for patients =< 16 years of age
• Organ function requirements apply ONLY to patients who will receive chemotherapy (SR1 and SR2 patients)
• Adequate renal function defined as:
• Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >= 70 mL/min/1.73 m^2 (within 7 days prior to enrollment) OR
• A serum creatinine based on age/gender as follows (within 7 days prior to enrollment): (mg/dL)
• 1 month to < 6 months male: 0.4 female: 0.4
• 6 months to < 1 year male: 0.5 female: 0.5
• 1 to < 2 years male: 0.6 female: 0.6
• 2 to < 6 years male: 0.8 female: 0.8
• 6 to < 10 years male: 1 female: 1
• 10 to < 13 years male: 1.2 female: 1.2
• 13 to < 16 years: male: 1.5 female: 1.4
• >= 16 years male: 1.7 female: 1.4
• Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age (within 7 days prior to enrollment)
• Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) (aspartate aminotransferase [AST]) or serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) < 2.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age (for the purpose of this study, the ULN for SGPT is 45 U/L) (within 7 days prior to enrollment)
• Peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1,000/mm^3 (within 7 days prior to enrollment) AND
• Platelet count >= 100,000/mm^3 (within 7 days prior to enrollment)
• Patients enrolling on the standard risk arms must be medically fit to receive protocol treatment and with no contraindications to protocol treatment
• Eligibility criteria to participate in the pilot study of the AYA-Hears instrument (patient reported outcomes [PROs] of ototoxicity) Note: participants in group 1 will not receive AGCT1531 protocol-directed therapy; all other AYA-HEARS patients must be enrolled on the AGCT1531 SR2 arm in order to participate
• >= 11 and < 25 years old at enrollment
• Able to fluently speak and read English
• Has received prior cisplatin- or carboplatin-based chemotherapy regimen for malignancy including diagnoses other than germ cell tumor
• Followed for cancer or survivorship care at one of the following institutions:
• Baylor College of Medicine/Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center
• Dana Farber/Harvard Cancer Center
• Hospital for Sick Children
• Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario
• Oregon Health and Science University
• Seattle Children's Hospital
• Yale University
• Patients with any diagnoses not listed including:
• Stage I testicular cancer patients who have undergone primary RPLND (retroperitoneal lymph node dissection)
• Pure dysgerminoma
• Pure mature teratoma
• Pure immature teratoma COG stage I, grade I
• Pure immature teratoma COG stage I, grade 2,3 with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) >= 1000 ng/mL
• Pure immature teratoma COG stage II
•IV or FIGO stage IC to IV
• "Poor risk" GCT (age >= 11 years old and COG stage IV ovarian, COG stage III or IV EG, or IGCCC intermediate or poor risk testicular), or
• Primary central nervous system (CNS) germ cell tumor
• Germ cell tumor with somatic malignant transformation
• Spermatocytic seminoma
• Patients must have had no prior systemic therapy for the current cancer diagnosis
• Patients must have had no prior radiation therapy with the exception of CNS irradiation of brain metastases; (this exception only applies to SR1 patients; any patients over age 11 with distant metastases to brain [stage IV disease] would be considered poor risk and therefore not eligible for this trial)
• Patients with significant, pre-existing co-morbid respiratory disease that contraindicate the use of bleomycin are ineligible for the standard risk arms of the trial
• Female patients who are pregnant since fetal toxicities and teratogenic effects have been noted for several of the study drugs; a pregnancy test is required for female patients of childbearing potential; (this criteria applies ONLY to patients who will receive chemotherapy [SR1 and SR2 patients])
• Lactating females who plan to breastfeed their infants; (this criteria applies ONLY to patients who will receive chemotherapy [SR1 and SR2 patients])
• Sexually active patients of reproductive potential who have not agreed to use an effective contraceptive method for the duration of their study participation; (this criteria applies ONLY to patients who will receive chemotherapy [SR1 and SR2 patients])

• Enrollment must occur within 6 months of initial disease presentation OR within 6 months of refractory disease, disease progression, disease recurrence, second or secondary malignancy, or post-mortem
• Patients previously enrolled on ACCRN07 are eligible to enroll on Tracking Outcome, Registry and Future Contact components of APEC14B1 any time after they reach age of majority
• Patients with a known or suspected neoplasm that occurs in the pediatric, adolescent or young adult populations are eligible for enrollment as follows:
• All cancer cases with an International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) histologic behavior code of one "1" (borderline), two "2" (carcinoma in situ) or three "3" (malignant)
• All neoplastic lesions of the central nervous system regardless of behavior, i.e., benign, borderline or malignant
• The following other benign/borderline conditions:
• Mesoblastic nephroma
• Teratomas (mature and immature types)
• Myeloproliferative diseases including transient myeloproliferative disease
• Langerhans cell histiocytosis
• Lymphoproliferative diseases
• Desmoid tumors
• Gonadal stromal cell tumors
• Neuroendocrine tumors including pheochromocytoma
• Melanocytic tumors, except clearly benign nevi
• Ganglioneuromas
• Subjects must be =< 25 years of age at time of original diagnosis, except for patients who are being screened specifically for eligibility onto a COG (or COG participating National Clinical Trials Network [NCTN]) therapeutic study, for which there is a higher upper age limit
• All patients or their parents or legally authorized representatives must sign a written informed consent and agree to participate in at least one component of the study; parents will be asked to sign a separate consent for their own biospecimen submission
• If patients or their parents or legally authorized representatives have not signed the Part A subject consent form at the time of a diagnostic bone marrow procedure, it is recommended that they initially provide consent for drawing extra bone marrow using the Consent for Collection of Additional Bone Marrow; consent using the Part A subject consent form must be provided prior to any other procedures for eligibility screening or banking under APEC14B1

• Stratum I
• Patients must be less than 18 years of age at the time of diagnosis.
• Patients must have histological verification of the diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis according to the criteria described in Section 6.1
• Signed informed consent form
• Stratum II
• Patients of Stratum I who have:
• Progressive disease (AD worse) in non-risk organs after 6 weeks (Initial Course
• AD intermediate or worse in non-risk organs or AD better in risk organs after 12 weeks (Initial Course 2)
• Disease progression (AD worse) in non-risk organs at any time during continuation treatment
• Active disease at the end of Stratum I treatment
• Disease reactivation in non-risk organs at any time after completion of Stratum I treatment
• Stratum III
• Patients from Stratum I who fulfill the following criteria:
• AD worse in risk organs after week 6 (after Initial Course 1), or AD worse or AD intermediate in risk organs after week 12 (after Initial Course 2).
• Presence of unequivocally severe organ dysfunction at the above mentioned evaluation points (hematological dysfunction, liver dysfunction, or both of them) as
• Hb <70 g/L (<7.0 g/dl) and/or transfusion dependency
• PLT <20 x109/L (20,000/μL) and/or transfusion dependency (both criteria have to be fulfilled) AND/OR
• Liver dysfunction (or digestive involvement with protein loss)
• Total protein <55 g/L or substitution dependency
• Albumin <25 g/L or substitution dependency (at least one of the two criteria to be fulfilled)
• Stratum IV
• Patients from Stratum I or Stratum III who fulfill the following criteria:
• AD worse in risk organs after week 6 (after Initial Course 1), or AD worse or AD intermediate in risk organs after week 12 (after Initial Course 2) of Stratum I OR
• AD worse after the 2nd and 3rd 2-CdA/Ara-C course, and those AD worse or AD intermediate after the 4th 2-CdA/Ara-C course of Stratum III AND
• Presence of unequivocally severe organ dysfunction at the above mentioned evaluation points (hematological dysfunction, liver dysfunction, or both of them) as defined in Table XI (see Section 10.3.1).
• Informed consent: All patients or their legal guardians (if the patient is <18 years of age) must sign an Ethics or institutional Review Board approved consent form indicating their awareness of the investigational nature and the risks of this study. When appropriate, younger patients will be included in all discussions in order to obtain assent.
• Adequate organ function: Patients should have adequate hepatic, renal, cardiac and pulmonary function to undergo reduced intensity HCT based upon local institutional guidelines, or at a minimum meet requirements noted in eligibility checklist Appendix A-VIII_1. However, significant hepatic and pulmonary dysfunction, if secondary to underlying LCH disease activity, will not exclude patients from protocol enrollment and should be discussed with the National PI Coordinator and the Coordinating Principal Investigator.
• Stratum V
• All patients with verified diagnosis of LCH and MRI findings consistent with ND-CNSLCH irrespective of previous treatments (also those not registered to other Strata ofLCH-IV).
• Patients with isolated tumorous CNS-LCH (including isolated DI with mass lesion in the hypothalamus-pituitary axis). In patients with already established diagnosis of LCH and radiologic finding of CNS lesions compatible with LCH, a biopsy of the lesion is not obligatory. In all other cases a biopsy of the lesion is needed for inclusion into the study
• Stratum VI -- Patients with newly diagnosed SS-LCH and localization other than "multifocal bone",isolated tumorous CNS lesion, or isolated "CNS-risk" lesion.
• Stratum VII -- All patients registered in LCH IV (regardless of treatment) as long as consent for longterm follow-up has not been withheld.
• Stratum I
• Pregnancy (patients of child-bearing age must be appropriately tested before chemotherapy)
• LCH-related permanent consequences (e.g. vertebra plana, sclerosing cholangitis, lung fibrosis, etc.) in the absence of active disease
• Prior systemic therapy
• Stratum II
• Patients with progressive disease in risk organs
• Permanent consequences (e.g. sclerosing cholangitis, lung fibrosis, etc.) without evidence of active LCH in the same organ or in any other locations
• No written consent of the patient or his/her parents or legal guardian
• Stratum III
• The presence of any of the following criteria will exclude the patient from the study:
• Isolated sclerosing cholangitis without evidence of active hepatic LCH as the only evidence of risk organ involvement.
• Inadequate renal function as defined by serum creatinine > 3x normal for age
• Stratum IV
• Pulmonary failure (requiring mechanical ventilation) not due to active LCH.
• Isolated liver sclerosis or pulmonary fibrosis, without active LCH.
• Uncontrolled active life-threatening infection.
• Decreased renal function with a GFR of less than 50ml/1.73m2/min.
• Pregnancy or active breast feeding
• Failure to provide signed informed consent
• Stratum VI
• Patients with SS-LCH who have an isolated tumorous CNS lesion (they are eligible for Stratum V),
• Patients with isolated "CNS-risk" or multifocal bone lesions (they are eligible for Stratum I, Group 2)

INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Diagnosis: Refractory or relapsed neuroblastoma with original diagnosis based on tumor histopathology or elevated urine catecholamines with typical tumor cells in the bone marrow, OR pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma (less than 12 years of age) not amenable to curative surgery. 2. Age ≥12 months and able to cooperate with radiation safety restrictions during therapy period with/without pharmacologic anxiolysis. 3. Disease status: Failure to respond to standard therapy (usually combination chemotherapy with or without radiation and surgery) or development of progressive disease at any time (any new lesion or an increase in size of >25% of a pre-existing lesion). Disease evaluation must be completed within 8 weeks of study entry. If possible, the disease evaluation should take place subsequent to any intervening therapy; if intervening therapy does occur, evaluations should be done as clinically indicated. If patient has received prior treatment with MIBG, they must have a response or stable disease after the most recent MIBG infusion. Patient may have PD after showing an initial response to MIBG therapy (at [or around] the day 35-63 post-MIBG therapy evaluation). 4. Stem cells: Patients must have a hematopoietic stem cell product available for re-infusion after 131I-MIBG treatment at doses of 12 mCi/kg. If no stem cells are available, then the dose of 131I-MIBG should be <12 mCi/kg. 5. Prior Therapy: Patients may enter this study with or without re-induction therapy for recurrent tumor. Patients must have fully recovered from the toxic effects of any prior therapy, meeting the following criteria: 1. At least 2 weeks should have elapsed since any anti-tumor therapy and the patient must meet certain hematologic criteria. 2. 3 months should have elapsed in the case of completing external beam radiation for total abdominal, whole lung, total body irradiation (spot irradiation to skull-based metastases is NOT a contraindication). Patients who receive localized emergency radiation to sites of life-threatening or function-threatening disease prior to or immediately after establishment of the definitive diagnosis are not contraindicated for treatment on this protocol. 3. Cytokine therapy (e.g. G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-6, erythropoietin) must be discontinued a minimum of 24 hours prior to 131I-MIBG therapy. 4. Minimum of six weeks from previous 131I-MIBG therapy. 5. The lifetime cumulative injected activity should be evaluated by the Investigator on a case-by-case basis with special attention to any recovery from past 131I-MIBG dose(s). 6. For patients who received a stem cell infusion for a previous 131I-MIBG therapy but do NOT have remaining stored stem cells: i. If the stem cell reinfusion was protocol driven but not based upon the development of profound cytopenias (e.g. automatic stem cell reinfusion on Day 14), the patient is eligible for retreatment with MIBG at a dose <12 mCi/kg at the investigators discretion; ii. If the stem cell reinfusion was given based upon the development of profound cytopenias, decisions for re-treatment with 131I-MIBG will require a case-by-case evaluation by the Investigator. 6. Organ Function: 1. Liver function: Bilirubin ≤ 2x upper limit of normal; AST/ALT ≤ 10x upper limit of normal. 2. Kidney function: i. Serum Creatinine ≤ 2x upper limit of normal OR ii. 24-hr creatinine clearance OR GFR ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73m2. c. Hematologic Criteria: ANC ≥750/uL; Platelets ≥ 50,000/uL without transfusion if stem cells are not available (ANC ≥ 500 and any platelet count allowed if stem cells available). Patient must be off myeloid growth factors for at least 24 hours. If the patient has received prior treatment with MIBG, they may be thrombocytopenic, but requiring no more than 2 platelet transfusions per week to maintain counts above 20,000/uL. Hemoglobin must be ≥ 10gm/dL (transfusion allowed) regardless of stored stem cell availability. d. Normal lung function, as manifested by no dyspnea at rest or exercise intolerance, no oxygen requirement. e. No clinically significant cardiac dysfunction. 7. Signed informed consent/assent has been obtained. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Patients 12 years and older with iobenguane scan positive, unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma and marketed product is available. 2. Patients eligible for the Phase II (OPTIMUM) trial. 3. Patients with disease of any major organ system that would compromise their ability to withstand therapy. Any significant organ impairment should be discussed with the Principal Investigator prior to patient entry. 4. Because of the teratogenic potential of the study medications, no patients who are pregnant or lactating will be allowed. Patients of childbearing potential, who are sexually active, must practice an effective method of birth control while participating on this study, to avoid possible damage to the fetus . [e.g. intrauterine device, double-barrier method (i.e., diaphragm, or a cervical cap) with intravaginal spermicidal foam, cream or gel], or male partner sterilization throughout the study]. 5. Patients who are on hemodialysis 6. Proteinuria, in the absence of urinary infection, within 4 weeks prior to the planned treatment date is a relative contraindication to receiving therapy for patients with pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma. Patients with pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma with any clinically significant proteinuria must have a 24-hr urine protein determination. If proteinuria is confirmed as being above the institutional upper limit of normal, the patient is ineligible for MIBG therapy. 7. Patients with active infections that meet grade 3-4 according to the current version of the NCI CTCAE. 8. Patients with known MIBG-avid parenchymal brain metastases are not eligible. (Patients with leptomeningeal or skull-based metastases are eligible.)

• ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
•CASES
• Diagnosis of primary cancer at age 21 or younger, irrespective of current age
• No prior history of allogeneic (non-autologous) hematopoietic cell transplant
• Development of one of the following key adverse events at any time following initiation of cancer therapy:
• Cardiac dysfunction; please note: case enrollment has been closed due to achievement of target accrual
• Ischemic stroke (IS)
• Subsequent malignant neoplasm (SMN)
• Avascular necrosis (AVN); please note: case enrollment has been closed due to achievement of target accrual
• Submission of a blood specimen (or in certain cases a saliva specimen) to the Coordinating Center at the University of Alabama at Birmingham as per the requirements; please note: if a patient is currently receiving active cancer treatment, it is preferable to obtain the blood sample at a time when the patient's white blood cell (WBC) is > 2,000
• Written informed consent from the patient and/or the patient's legally authorized guardian
• In active follow up by a COG institution; active follow up will be defined as date of last visit or contact by a COG institution within the past 24 months; any type of contact, including contact specifically for participation in ALTE03N1, qualifies as active follow-up; please note: treatment on a COG (or legacy group) therapeutic protocol for the primary cancer is NOT required
• ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
•CONTROLS
• CONTROL: Diagnosis of primary cancer at age 21 or younger, irrespective of current age
• CONTROLS: No prior history of allogeneic (non-autologous) hematopoietic cell transplant
• CONTROLS: No clinical evidence of any of the following key adverse events:
• Cardiac dysfunction (CD); please note: if a patient is currently receiving active cancer treatment, it is preferable to obtain the blood sample at a time when the patient's WBC is > 2,000
• Ischemic stroke (IS)
• Avascular necrosis (AVN)
• Subsequent malignant neoplasm (SMN)
• CONTROLS: Submission of a blood specimen (or in certain cases a saliva specimen) to the Coordinating Center Laboratory at the University of Alabama at Birmingham as per the requirements
• CONTROLS: Written informed consent from the patient and/or the patient's legally authorized guardian
• CONTROLS: In active follow up by a COG institution; active follow up will be defined as date of last visit or contact by a COG institution within the past 24 months; any type of contact, including contact specifically for participation in ALTE03N1, qualifies as active follow-up; please note: treatment on a COG (or legacy group) therapeutic protocol for the primary cancer is NOT required

• Patient or legally authorized representative provides written authorization and/or consent per institution and geographical requirements
• Patient has or is intended to receive or be treated with an eligible Medtronic product
• Patient within enrollment window relative to therapy initiation or meets criteria for retrospective enrollment
• Patient who is, or will be, inaccessible for follow-up
• Patient with exclusion criteria required by local law
• Patient is currently enrolled in or plans to enroll in any concurrent drug and/or device study that may confound results

Inclusion Criteria
• Males and females ≥40 to ≤80 years of age
• Subject is able to read, understand, and sign a written Informed Consent in order to participate in the Study
• Subject has a diagnosis of chronic bronchitis (CB) and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) for a minimum of two years. (Chronic Bronchitis is defined clinically as chronic productive cough for 3 months in each of 2 successive years in a patient in whom other causes of productive cough have been excluded)
• Subject is classified as having a moderate or severe (GOLD 2/3) airflow obstruction defined by a post-bronchodilator of ≥30% FEV1 to <80% predicted with a baseline FEV1/FVC of <0.70
• Subject has a Baseline SGRQ of ≥50
• Subject demonstrates daily cough and significant mucus.
• Subject is being treated according to current medically accepted treatment guidelines for chronic bronchitis for minimum of 3 months prior to enrollment into the study. Subject agrees to continue maintenance pulmonary/COPD medications (GOLD standard medications recommended) for the duration of the study
• Non-smoking for a minimum of 2 months prior to consent and agrees to continue not smoking for the duration of the study
• Subject is able to adhere to and undergo 2 bronchoscopic procedures (cross over subjects may undergo two additional bronchoscopic procedures, if they agree to treatment), per hospital guidelines
• Subject demonstrates ability and willingness to use a daily eDiary Exclusion Criteria
• Subject has had an acute pulmonary infection, exacerbation or pneumonia requiring medical treatment (with antibiotics and/or steroids) within 4 weeks prior of initially planned study bronchoscopy
• Current diagnosis of Asthma
• Subject has Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency as defined by blood level <59 mg/dL
• Subject has other origins of respiratory disease aside from chronic bronchitis and COPD
• Subject is using e-cigarettes, vaping or taking any inhaled substances not prescribed by a physician
• Subject has untreatable or life threatening arrhythmias, inability to adequately oxygenate during the bronchoscopy, or has acute respiratory failure
• Subject has bullous emphysema characterized as large bullae >30 millimeters on HRCT; or subject has stenosis in the tracheobronchial system, tracheobronchomegaly, trachea-bronchomalacia, amyloidosis or cystic fibrosis
• Subject has clinically significant bronchiectasis
• Subject has had a solid transplant procedure
• Subject has a known mucosal tear, has undergone prior lung surgery such as pneumonectomy, lobectomy, bullectomy, or lung volume reduction surgery
• Subject has had a prior lung device procedure, including emphysema stent(s) implanted, lung coils, valves, lung denervation, bronchial thermoplasty, cryotherapy or other therapies
• Subject is unable to temporarily discontinue use of anticoagulant therapy: warfarin, Coumadin, LMWH, heparin, clopidrogel (or equal)
• Subject has a serious medical condition, such as: uncontrolled coagulopathy or bleeding disorder, congestive heart failure, uncontrolled angina, myocardial infarction in the past year, renal failure, liver disease, cerebrovascular accident within the past 6 months, uncontrolled diabetes, uncontrolled hypertension or uncontrolled gastric reflux
• Subject is pregnant, nursing, or planning to get pregnant during study duration
• Subject has or is receiving chemotherapy or active radiation therapy within the past 6 months or is expected to receive chemotherapy during participation in this study
• Subject is or has been in another treatment study within 6 weeks of enrollment and agrees to not participate in any other treatment studies for the duration of study participation
• Subject has known sensitivity to medication required to perform bronchoscopy (such as lidocaine, atropine, and benzodiazepines)

• Part A:
• Less than 5 years of age at the first study visit.
• Documentation of a CF diagnosis. Part B:
• Participated in Part A OR less than 6 years of age at the first study visit.
• Documentation of a CF diagnosis.
• CFTR mutations consistent with FDA labeled indication of highly effective modulator therapy (ivacaftor or elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor).
• Physician intent to prescribe ivacaftor or elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor.
• Part A and Part B: Use of an investigational drug within 28 days prior to and including the first study visit. Use of ivacaftor or elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor within the 180 days prior to and including the first study visit. Use of chronic oral corticosteroids within the 28 days prior to and including the first study visit.

1. Participant is able and willing to provide informed consent (≥18 years), or informed consent is obtained by the parent or legal guardian for minor participants, with the minor providing age appropriate assent, according to local law and regulations; 2. Life expectancy ≥ 12 weeks; 3. Known high-risk neuroblastoma OR previously intermediate-risk neuroblastoma that has relapsed or progressed to high-risk, with failure to achieve complete response with standard therapy (defined as at least 4 cycles of aggressive multi-drug induction chemotherapy with or without radiation and surgery, or according to a standard high-risk treatment/neuroblastoma protocol), OR who are medically ineligible to receive standard treatment OR who are intolerant to standard treatment; 4. Adequate recovery from acute toxic effects of any prior therapy, as deemed by the Investigator or treating Sub-Investigator; 5. Adequate liver function as defined by the following laboratory values obtained within 28 days prior to administration of 64Cu-SARTATE: Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) < 3.0 x upper limit of normal (ULN); 6. Adequate renal function; 7. Adequate laboratory parameters: Absolute neutrophil count > 1.0 x 10 9/L; Platelet count > 50 x 10 9/L; Total bilirubin <1.5 x ULN; 8. Karnofsky or Lansky performance status ≥50; 9. All participants must have a hematopoietic stem cell product available (minimum CD34+ cell dose is ≥2 x 10 6 cells/kg); 10. Sexually active participants of reproductive potential must practice an effective method of birth control while participating on this study, to avoid possible damage to the fetus. Abstinence is considered acceptable; 11. 64Cu-SARTATE uptake on the 4 hour scan (SUVmax) of any lesion equal to or higher than that of the liver in order to move on to the therapy phase of the study. 1. Participants with disease of any major organ system that would compromise their ability to tolerate therapy, as deemed by the Investigator or treating Sub-Investigator; 2. Any other active malignancy, or a history of prior malignancy within the past 3 years; 3. History of cardiac failure as evidenced by: dyspnea at rest, exercise intolerance, oxygen requirement, clinically significant cardiac dysfunction; 4. Planned administration of chemotherapy, anti-cancer cytokine therapy, immunotherapy or radiotherapy within 2 weeks prior to the administration of 64Cu-SARTATE; 5. Administration of therapeutic dose of 131I-MIBG within 8 weeks prior to the administration of 64Cu-SARTATE; 6. External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) to both kidneys or a single functioning kidney within 12 months prior to the administration of 64Cu-SARTATE; 7. Administration of any investigational agents within 21 days prior to administration of 64Cu-SARTATE; 8. Treatment with long acting somatostatin analogues (administered within 28 days prior to the administration of 64Cu-SARTATE), or short acting somatostatin analogues (administered within 24 hours prior to the administration of 64Cu-SARTATE); 9. Known sensitivity or allergy to somatostatin analogues; 10. Previous peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT); 11. Female participants who are pregnant or lactating; 12. Participants who are on hemodialysis; 13. QTc interval ≥ 0.45 seconds as measured by Screening ECG; 14. Participants with uncontrolled infection(s); 15. Any medical condition which the Investigator feels may interfere with the procedures or evaluations of the study; 16. Participants 12 months and younger will be excluded from cohorts where the planned single or cumulative administered activity is modelled to deliver a radiation dose to the marrow that exceeds 2 Gy.

• Subject is considered an adult according to local regulation at the time of signing the informed consent form (ICF).
• Subject has measurable disease by RECIST Version 1.1.
• Subject has accessible archival tumor tissue from either the primary tumor or a metastatic site, for which source and availability have been confirmed prior to study treatment. If no archival tumor tissue is available, the subject will have a biopsy to obtain tumor tissue prior to study treatment. If the subject is unable to undergo a biopsy due to safety concerns, enrollment into the study must be discussed with the medical monitor.
• For cohort 9 only: Subject should submit archival or fresh tumor tissue sample for programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) central testing during screening if no local PD-L1 test result is available. Central test result for PD-L1 will be required prior to subject enrollment. For cohort 9 subjects with local PD-L1 test result confirming CPS ≥ 1, archival or fresh tissue sample for exploratory analysis should be submitted within 5 days of enrollment.
• Subject has ECOG performance status of 0 or 1.
• Subject has the following baseline laboratory data. If a subject has received a recent blood transfusion, the hematology tests must be obtained ≥ 28 days after any blood transfusion.
• absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1.0 × 10^9/L
• platelet count ≥ 100 × 10^9/L
• hemoglobin ≥ 9 g/dL
• serum total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 × upper limit of normal (ULN) or ≤ 3 × ULN for subjects with Gilbert's disease
• creatinine clearance (CrCl) ≥ 30 mL/min as estimated per institutional standards or as measured by 24-hour urine collection (glomerular filtration rate [GFR] can also be used instead of CrCl).
• alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≤ 3 × ULN
• Subject agrees not to participate in another interventional study while receiving study treatment in the present study.
• Additional contraceptive requirements exist for male and female subjects. Disease Specific
• Evidence of progression on or after the last regimen received.
• Locally advanced or metastatic disease that is not amenable to curative intent treatment. Cohort 1: HR+/HER2- breast cancer
• Subject has evidence of radiographic progression on or after the last regimen received.
• Subject has histologically- or cytologically-confirmed HR+/HER2- (estrogen receptor [ER] positive and/or progesterone receptor [PR] positive, and HER2 negative) breast cancers and are not considered a candidate for further hormonal therapy. Subject will be considered HR+ if biopsies show ≥ 1% expression of ER or PR as per current American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) guidelines.
• Subject has locally advanced or metastatic disease that is not amenable to curative intent treatment.
• Subject must have received a taxane or anthracycline in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant or incurable, locally advanced or metastatic setting.
• Prior cytotoxic regimen received in the neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting will count as a prior cytotoxic regimen if disease recurrence occurred during or within 6 months of completing the regimen.
• Subject has progressed, relapsed, or discontinued for toxicity during or after at least 1 prior standard of care cytotoxic regimen in the incurable, unresectable locally advanced or metastatic setting, and has not received > 2 prior lines of cytotoxic therapy in the locally advanced or metastatic setting. No limit applies to endocrine therapies. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) inhibitors do not count as a line of cytotoxic therapy.
• Subject has progressed, relapsed, or discontinued for toxicity during or after receiving endocrine therapy or with hormonally-directed therapy with cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. Prior therapy with CDK inhibitors is not required. Cohort 2: triple negative breast cancer (TNBC)
• Subject has evidence of radiographic progression on or after the last regimen received.
• Subject has histologically- or cytologically-confirmed TNBC; defined as unequivocal TNBC histology (ER-negative/PR-negative/HER2-negative). This is defined by < 1% expression of ER and PR by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and that are, for HER2, either 0 to 1+ by IHC, or IHC 2+ and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) negative (not amplified) as per current ASCO/CAP guidelines.
• Subject has locally advanced or metastatic disease that is not amenable to curative intent treatment.
• Subject must have received a taxane or anthracycline in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant or incurable, locally advanced or metastatic setting.
• Prior cytotoxic regimen received in the neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting will count as a prior cytotoxic regimen if disease recurrence occurred during or within 6 months of completing the regimen.
• Subject has progressed, relapsed, or discontinued for toxicity during or after at least 1 prior standard of care cytotoxic regimen in the incurable, unresectable locally advanced or metastatic setting, and has not received > 2 prior lines of cytotoxic therapy in the locally advanced or metastatic setting. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) inhibitors do not count as a line of cytotoxic therapy.
• Subject has received prior therapy with an anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) or an anti-programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) based on subject's tumor PD-1 or PD-L1 expression and local treatment guidelines and has progressed or discontinued treatment due to toxicity, or therapy is contraindicated for subject. Cohort 3: squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
• Subject has evidence of radiographic progression on or after the last regimen received.
• Subject has histologically or cytologically-confirmed squamous NSCLC.
• Subjects with mixed histology NSCLC are eligible provided there is not any component of neuroendocrine histology.
• Subjects with known epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), reactive oxygen species (ROS), BRAF, or other actionable mutations are eligible if treated with mutation targeted therapy and have progressed, relapsed, or discontinued treatment due to toxicity.
• Subject has locally advanced or metastatic disease that is not amenable to curative intent treatment.
• Subject has progressed, relapsed, or discontinued treatment due to toxicity after 1 platinum-based standard of care regimen for locally advanced or metastatic disease, and has not received > 2 prior lines of cytotoxic anticancer therapy in the locally advanced or metastatic setting. 1. Subjects with locally advanced disease who previously received curative intent treatment with platinum-based standard of care regimen in the adjuvant or neoadjuvant setting or as part of concomitant chemoradiation therapy are eligible if they have progressed or relapsed within 6 months of completion. 2. Maintenance therapy does not constitute a new chemotherapy regimen provided there was no progression after the initial platinum-based regimen. 3. Changing chemotherapy agents during platinum-based treatment for the management of toxicities does not constitute a new chemotherapy regimen provided no progression had occurred while on the initial therapy.
• Subject has received prior therapy with an anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 based on subject's tumor PD-1 or PD-L1 expression and local treatment guidelines and has progressed, relapsed, or discontinued treatment due to toxicity, or therapy is contraindicated for subject. Cohort 4: non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer
• Subject has evidence of radiographic progression on or after the last regimen received.
• Subject has histologically- or cytologically-confirmed non-squamous NSCLC.
• Subjects with mixed histology NSCLC are eligible provided there is not any component of neuroendocrine histology.
• Subjects with known EGFR, ALK, ROS, BRAF, or other actionable mutations are eligible if treated with mutation targeted therapy and have progressed, relapsed, or discontinued treatment due to toxicity.
• Subject has locally advanced or metastatic disease that is not amenable to curative intent treatment.
• Subject has progressed, relapsed, or discontinued treatment due to toxicity after 1 platinum-based standard of care regimen for locally advanced or metastatic disease, and has not received > 2 prior lines of cytotoxic anticancer therapy in the locally advanced or metastatic setting. 1. Subjects with locally advanced disease who previously received curative intent treatment with platinum-based standard of care regimen in the adjuvant or neoadjuvant setting or as part of concomitant chemoradiation therapy are eligible if they have progressed or relapsed within 6 months of completion. 2. Maintenance therapy does not constitute a new chemotherapy regimen provided there was no progression after the initial platinum-based regimen. 3. Changing chemotherapy agents during platinum-based treatment for the management of toxicities does not constitute a new chemotherapy regimen provided no progression has occurred while on the initial therapy.
• Subject has received prior therapy with an anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 based on subject's tumor PD-1 or PD-L1 expression and local treatment guidelines and has progressed, relapsed, or discontinued treatment due to toxicity, or therapy is contraindicated for subject. Cohort 5: second-line or later head and neck cancer
• Subject has evidence of radiographic progression on or after the last regimen received.
• Subject has histologically- or cytologically-confirmed head and neck cancer.
• Primary tumor site must arise from the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx; tumors arising from the nasopharynx are excluded. Salivary gland tumors and/or parotid gland tumors are not eligible for Cohort 5.
• Subject has locally advanced or metastatic disease that is not amenable to curative intent treatment.
• Subject has progressed, relapsed, or discontinued treatment due to toxicity after 1 platinum-based standard of care regimen for locally advanced or metastatic disease, and has not received > 2 prior lines of cytotoxic anticancer therapy in the locally advanced or metastatic setting.
• Subjects with locally advanced disease who previously received curative intent treatment with platinum-based standard of care regimen in the adjuvant or neoadjuvant setting or as part of concomitant chemoradiation therapy are eligible if they have progressed or relapsed within 6 months after completion.
• Subject has received prior therapy with an anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 based on subject's tumor PD-1 or PD-L1 expression and local treatment guidelines and has progressed, relapsed, or discontinued treatment due to toxicity, or therapy is contraindicated for subject. Cohorts 6, 7 and 8: gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) or esophageal adenocarcinoma
• Subject has evidence of radiographic progression on or after the last regimen received.
• Subject has histologically- or cytologically-confirmed gastric, GEJ, or esophageal cancer.
• Subject has locally advanced or metastatic disease that is not amenable to curative intent treatment.
• Subject has progressed, relapsed, or discontinued due to toxicity after 1 platinum-based standard of care regimen for locally advanced or metastatic disease, and has not received > 2 prior lines of cytotoxic anticancer therapy in the locally advanced or metastatic setting.
• Neoadjuvant or adjuvant cytotoxic regimens will count as a prior regimen if relapsed or progressed ≤ 6 months after completion.
• Subject must have received a HER2 directed therapy if known to have HER2 positive cancer.
• Subject has received prior therapy with an anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 based on subject's tumor PD-1 or PD-L1 expression and local treatment guidelines and has progressed, relapsed, or discontinued treatment due to toxicity, or therapy is contraindicated for subject. Cohort 9: 1L HNSCC
• Subject has histologically- or cytologically-confirmed head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. a. Primary tumor site must arise from the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx; tumors arising from the nasopharynx are excluded. Salivary gland tumors and/or parotid gland tumors are not eligible for Cohort 9.
• Subject has recurrent or metastatic disease that is incurable by local therapies.
• Subject's tumor sample has PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS) of ≥ 1 as determined by local or central IHC testing.
• Subject has had no prior systemic therapy administered in the recurrent or metastatic setting (with the exception of systemic therapy completed > 6 months prior if given as part of multimodal treatment for locally advanced disease). Subjects who have received a PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitor in the curative setting are eligible if it has been at least 12 months since last dose of the anti PD-L1 agent.
• Subject has ANC ≥ 1.5 × 10^9/L.
• International normalized ratio (INR) OR prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin (aPTT) both ≤ 1.5 × ULN unless subject is receiving anticoagulant therapy as long as PT or aPTT is within the therapeutic range of intended use of anticoagulants. PTT may be used if local lab is unable to perform aPTT.
• For subjects with oropharynx tumors, subject has results from testing of HPV status by p16 testing. For All Cohorts:
• Subject has preexisting sensory or motor neuropathy Grade ≥ 2.
• Subject has active central nervous system (CNS) metastases. Subjects with treated CNS metastases are permitted on study if all the following are true:
• CNS metastases have been clinically stable for ≥ 6 weeks prior to screening
• If requiring steroid treatment for CNS metastases, the subject is on a stable dose ≤ 20 mg/day of prednisone or equivalent for ≥ 2 weeks
• Baseline imaging scans show no evidence of new or enlarged brain metastasis
• Subject does not have leptomeningeal disease
• Subject has ongoing clinically significant toxicity (Grade 2 or higher with the exception of alopecia) associated with prior treatment (including systemic therapy, radiotherapy or surgery).
• Subjects with ongoing ≥ Grade 3 immunotherapy-related hypothyroidism or panhypopituitarism are excluded. Subjects with ongoing immunotherapy-related colitis, uveitis, myocarditis or pneumonitis, or subjects with other immunotherapy-related AEs requiring high doses of steroids (> 20 mg/day of prednisone or equivalent), are excluded. Subject with ≤ Grade 2 immunotherapy-related hypothyroidism or panhypopituitarism may be enrolled when well maintained/controlled on a stable dose of hormone replacement therapy (if indicated).
• Subject has a history of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus within 3 months before the first dose of study treatment. Uncontrolled diabetes (within 3 months before first dose) is defined as hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥ 8% or HbA1c between 7 and < 8% with associated diabetes symptoms (polyuria or polydipsia) that are not otherwise explained. The lowest HbA1c during the screening period will be used to determine eligibility.
• Subject has prior treatment with enfortumab vedotin or other monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) based antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).
• Subject has a second malignancy diagnosed within 3 years before first dose of study drug, or any evidence of residual disease from a previously diagnosed malignancy. Subjects with non-melanoma skin cancer, localized prostate cancer treated with curative intent with no evidence of progression, low-risk or very low-risk (per standard guidelines) localized prostate cancer under active surveillance/watchful waiting without intent to treat, or carcinoma in situ of any type (if complete resection was performed) are allowed.
• Subject is currently receiving systemic antimicrobial treatment for viral, bacterial, or fungal infection at the time of first dose of study treatment. Routine antimicrobial prophylaxis is permitted.
• Subject has known active hepatitis B (e.g., hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] reactive) or active hepatitis C (e.g., hepatitis C virus [HCV] RNA [qualitative] is detected).
• Subject has known history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (HIV 1 or 2).
• Subject has documented history of a cerebral vascular event (stroke or transient ischemic attack), unstable angina, myocardial infarction or cardiac symptoms (including congestive heart failure) consistent with New York Heart Association Class III-IV within 6 months prior to the first dose of study drug.
• Subject has major surgery within 4 weeks prior to first dose of study drug.
• Subject had radiotherapy, chemotherapy, biologics, investigational agents, and/or antitumor treatment with immunotherapy that is not completed 2 weeks prior to first dose of study drug.
• Subject has known hypersensitivity to enfortumab vedotin or to any excipient contained in the drug formulation of enfortumab vedotin (including histidine, trehalose dihydrate and polysorbate 20) OR subject has known hypersensitivity to biopharmaceutical produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells.
• Subject has known active keratitis or corneal ulcerations. Subject with superficial punctate keratitis is allowed if the disorder is being adequately treated.
• Subject has any condition which makes the subject unsuitable for study participation. Cohort 9: 1L HNSCC
• Had PD within 6 months of completion of curatively intended systematic treatment for locoregionally advanced HNSCC.
• Has had an allogeneic tissue/solid organ transplant. Has severe hypersensitivity (≥grade 3) to pembrolizumab and/or any of its excipients.
• Has a history of (non-infectious) pneumonitis / interstitial lung disease that required steroids or has current pneumonitis / interstitial lung disease.
• Has a history of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, organizing pneumonia, drug-induced pneumonitis, idiopathic pneumonitis, or evidence of active pneumonitis on screening chest CT scan.
• Has a life expectancy of less than 3 months and/or has rapidly progressing disease (e.g. tumor bleeding, uncontrolled tumor pain) in the opinion of the treating investigator.
• Active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in past 2 years (i.e. with use of disease modifying agents, corticosteroids or immunosuppressive drugs). 1. Replacement therapy (e.g., thyroxine, insulin, physiologic corticosteroid replacement therapy for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency) is not considered a form of systemic treatment and is allowed. 2. Brief (<7 days) use of systemic corticosteroids is allowed when use is considered standard of care. 3. Subjects with vitiligo, psoriasis, type 1 diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, or resolved childhood asthma/atopy will not be excluded. 4. Subjects requiring intermittent use of bronchodilators, inhaled steroids, or local steroid injections will not be excluded. 5. Subjects with hypothyroidism that is stable with hormone replacement or Sjögren's syndrome will not be excluded.
• Has an active infection requiring systemic therapy.
• Has received prior therapy with an anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 agent in the recurrent/metastatic setting. If anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 agent was given as part of curative intent therapy, it must be at least 1 year since last dose.
• Has received a live vaccine within 30 days of planned start of study therapy. Examples of live vaccines include, but are not limited to, the following: measles, mumps, rubella, varicella/zoster (chicken pox), yellow fever, rabies, Bacillus Calmette Guérin, and typhoid vaccine. Seasonal influenza vaccines for injection are generally killed virus vaccines and are allowed; however, intranasal influenza vaccines (e.g., FluMist®) are live attenuated vaccines and are not allowed.
• Subject has active tuberculosis

• Pregnant, intending to continue pregnancy, enrolled in the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry (CFFPR)
• None

• Subjects with advanced or metastatic solid tumor in subjects whose disease has progressed despite standard therapy, or who has no further standard therapy, or who is unsuitable for available standard treatment options.
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0 or 1 with adequate organ function
• Have known PD-L1 status with prior testing by immunohistochemistry and a corresponding combined positive score (CPS) For dose expansion study only:
• Advanced or metastatic gastric cancer, gastroesophageal junction carcinoma, and esophageal adenocarcinoma without further standard therapy or unsuitable for available standard treatment options.
• Must have CLDN18.2-positive tumor expression as determined by the CLDN18.2 IHC assay Exclusion Criteria
• Prior exposure to CLDN18.2 -targeted therapy
• Prior exposure to 4-1BB agonists
• Second malignancy within the last 3 years with the exception of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma or cutaneous basal cell carcinoma or cervical carcinoma in situ
• Known active or chronic Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C, other hepatitides
• Unstable/active ulcer or digestive tract bleeding within 6 weeks
• Active autoimmune disease requiring systemic treatment within the past 2 years
• Active interstitial lung disease (ILD) or pneumonitis or a history of ILD or pneumonitis requiring treatment
• Known active CNS metastases and/or carcinomatous meningitis. Subjects with previously treated brain metastases may participate provided they are clinically stable and without requirement of steroid treatment for at least 14 days prior to first dose of study treatment;
• New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class 3 or 4 congestive heart failure, severe/unstable angina, myocardial infarction (MI), symptomatic congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular accident, transient ischemic attack (TIA), arterial embolism, pulmonary embolism, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), deep vein thrombosis, or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in the previous 6 months
• Diagnosis of immunodeficiency such as known active HIV
• Any active infection requiring parenteral treatment

• Age 18-80 years, inclusive
• Objectively confirmed acute PE, based on computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) showing a filling defect in at least one main or proximal lobar pulmonary artery
• Elevated risk of early death/hemodynamic collapse, indicated by at least two of the following new-onset clinical criteria: 1. ECG-documented tachycardia with heart rate ≥100 beats per minute, not due to hypovolemia, arrhythmia, or sepsis; 2. SBP ≤ 110 mm Hg for at least 15 minutes; 3. respiratory rate > 20 x min-1 or oxygen saturation on pulse oximetry (SpO2) < 90% (or partial arterial oxygen pressure < 60 mmHg) at rest while breathing room air;
• Right-to-left ventricular (RV/LV) diameter ratio ≥ 1.0 on CTPA
• Serum troponin I or T levels above the upper limit of normal
• Signed informed consent
• Hemodynamic instability*, i.e. at least one of the following present: 1. cardiac arrest or need for cardiopulmonary resuscitation; 2. need for ECMO, or ECMO initiated before randomization 3. PE-related shock, defined as: (i) SBP < 90 mmHg, or vasopressors required to achieve SBP ≥ 90 mmHg, despite an adequate volume status; and (ii) end-organ hypoperfusion (altered mental status; oliguria/anuria; increased serum lactate); 4. isolated persistent hypotension (SBP < 90 mmHg, or a systolic pressure drop by at least 40 mmHg for at least 15 minutes), not caused by new-onset arrhythmia, hypovolemia, or sepsis * Patients who presented with temporary need for fluid resuscitation and/or low-dose catecholamines may be included, provided that they could be stabilized within 2 hours of admission and maintain SBP of ≥ 90 mmHg and adequate organ perfusion without catecholamine infusion.
• Need for admission to an intensive care unit for a reason other than the index PE episode. NB: Patients who test positive for SARS-CoV-2 can be enrolled where the investigator believes that the pulmonary embolism is the dominant pathology in the patient's clinical presentation and qualifying cardiorespiratory parameters.
• Temperature above 39 degrees C / 102.2 degrees F
• Logistical reasons limiting the rapid availability of interventional procedures to treat acute PE (e.g., during the outbreak of an epidemic)
• Index PE symptom duration > 14 days
• Active bleeding
• History of intracranial or intraocular bleeding at any time
• Stroke or transient ischemic attack within the past 6 months, or previous stroke at any time if associated with permanent disability
• Central nervous system neoplasm, or metastatic cancer
• Major neurologic, ophthalmologic, abdominal, cardiac, thoracic, vascular or orthopedic surgery or trauma (including syncope-associated with head strike or skeletal fracture) within the past 3 weeks
• Platelet count < 100 x 109 x L-1
• Patients who have received a once-daily therapeutic dose of LMWH or a therapeutic dose of fondaparinux within 24 hours prior to randomization
• Patients who have received one of the direct oral anticoagulants apixaban or rivaroxaban within 12 hours prior to randomization
• Patients who have received one of the direct oral anticoagulants dabigatran or edoxaban for the index PE episode, as these drugs are not approved for patients who have not received heparin for at least 5 days
• Administration of a thrombolytic agent or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist during the current hospital stay and/or within 30 days, for any reason
• Chronic treatment with antiplatelet agents other than low-dose acetylsalicylic acid or clopidogrel 75 mg once daily (but not both). Dual antiplatelet therapy is excluded.
• Chronic treatment with a direct oral anticoagulant (apixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban or rivaroxaban)
• Chronic treatment with a vitamin K antagonist, or known coagulopathy including severe hepatic dysfunction, with an International Normalized Ratio (INR) > 1.5
• Pregnancy or lactation
• Previous inclusion in the study
• Known hypersensitivity to alteplase, LMWH or UFH, or to any of the excipients
• Life expectancy less than 6 months

• Patients have measurable disease per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 (RECIST v1.1).
• Patients must have disease with evidence of KRAS G12C mutation in tumor tissue or circulating tumor deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
• Participants must have a histological or a cytologically proven diagnosis of locally advanced, unresectable, and/or metastatic cancer and meet cohort-specific criteria.
• Have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status of 0 or 1.
• Have adequate organ function.
• Have discontinued all previous treatments for cancer with resolution of any significant ongoing adverse events (AEs), (except in certain scenarios).
• Must be able to swallow capsule/tablet.
• Agree and adhere to contraceptive use, if applicable.
• For some parts of the study, (i.e., one of the two arms with LY3537982 in combination with pembrolizumab and the arm of LY3537982 in combination with pembrolizumab, pemetrexed, and platinum therapy) histologically or cytologically confirmed Stage IIIB-IIIC or Stage IV NSCLC that is previously untreated in the advanced/metastatic setting and not suitable for curative intent radical surgery or radiation therapy. Previously untreated patients who received adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy are eligible if the last dose of the systemic treatment was completed at least 6 months prior to enrollment. For untreated patients in the arm with LY3537982 in combination with pembrolizumab noted above, a single cycle of pembrolizumab may be initiated within 21 days prior to enrollment. For untreated patients in the arm of LY3537982 in combination with pembrolizumab, pemetrexed, and platinum therapy, a single cycle of any or all of the drugs other than LY3537982 may be initiated within 21 days prior to enrollment. Start of study treatment may be delayed to allow sufficient time for recovery from treatment-related toxicity.
• For one part of the study, participants must have received at least one prior oxaliplatin- or irinotecan-containing regimen for advanced or metastatic CRC.
• Disease suitable for local therapy administered with curative intent.
• Have an active, ongoing, or untreated infection.
• Have a serious pre-existing medical condition(s) that, in the judgment of the investigator, would preclude participation in this study.
• Have a serious cardiac condition.
• Have a second active primary malignancy or have been diagnosed and/or treated for an additional malignancy within 3 years prior to enrollment.
• Have symptomatic central nervous system (CNS) malignancy or metastasis and/or carcinomatous meningitis. Patients with treated CNS metastases are eligible for this study if their disease is asymptomatic, radiographically stable for at least 30 days, and they do not require treatment with steroids in the two-week period prior to study treatment. This only applies to some parts of the study.
• Have received prior treatment with any KRAS G12C small molecule inhibitor, except in certain scenarios where such prior therapy is allowed as per protocol.
• The following patients will be excluded from some parts of the study:
• Experienced certain serious side effects with prior immunotherapy.
• Have an active autoimmune disease that has required systemic anti-autoimmune treatment in the past 2 years.
• Have received a live vaccine within 30 days prior to the first dose of study drug.
• Pregnant, breastfeeding, or expecting to conceive or father children within the projected duration of the trial through 180 days after the last dose of study medication.
• Known allergic reaction against any of the components of the study treatments.

• Patients must be =< 50 years of age at the time of enrollment
• Patients with newly diagnosed RMS of any subtype, except adult-type pleomorphic, based upon institutional histopathologic classification are eligible to enroll on the study based upon stage, group, and age, as below. FOXO1 fusion status must be determined by week 4 (day 28) of therapy. RMS types included under embryonal RMS (ERMS) include those classified in the 1995 International Classification of Rhabdomyosarcoma (ICR) as ERMS (classic, spindle cell, and botryoid variants), which are reclassified in the 2020 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification as ERMS (classic, dense and botryoid variants) and spindle cell/sclerosing RMS (encompassing the historical spindle cell ERMS variant and the newly recognized sclerosing RMS variant). Classification of alveolar RMS (ARMS) in the 2020 WHO Classification is the same as in the ICR and includes classic and solid variants
• ERMS
• Stage 4, group IV, >= 10 years of age
• ARMS
• Stage 4, group IV Patients will be eligible to remain on protocol therapy based upon stage, group, and age
• Bone marrow metastatic disease is based on morphologic evidence of RMS based on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stains. In the absence of morphologic evidence of marrow involvement on H&E, patients with bone marrow involvement detected ONLY by flow cytometry, reverse transcriptase (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), or immunohistochemistry will NOT be considered to have clinical bone marrow involvement for the purposes of this study
• Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >= 70 mL/min/1.73 m^2 or a serum creatinine based on age/gender as follows (must be performed within 7 days prior to enrollment):
• Age; Maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL)
• 1 month to < 6 months; 0.4 mg/dL (male); 0.4 mg/dL (female)
• 6 months to < 1 year; 0.5 mg/dL (male); 0.5 mg/dL (female)
• 1 to < 2 years; 0.6 mg/dL (male); 0.6 mg/dL (female)
• 2 to < 6 years; 0.8 mg/dL (male); 0.8 mg/dL (female)
• 6 to < 10 years; 1 mg/dL (male); 1 mg/dL (female)
• 10 to < 13 years; 1.2 mg/dL (male); 1.2 mg/dL (female)
• 13 to < 16 years; 1.5 mg/dL (male); 1.4 mg/dL (female)
• >= 16 years; 1.7 mg/dL (male); 1.4 mg/dL (female)
• Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age (must be performed within 7 days prior to enrollment)
• If there is evidence of biliary obstruction by tumor, then total bilirubin must be < 3 x ULN for age
• All patients and/or their parents or legal guardians must sign a written informed consent
• All institutional, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and National Cancer Institute (NCI) requirements for human studies must be met
• Patients with evidence of uncontrolled infection are not eligible
• RMS that is considered a second malignancy and previous cancer(s) that were treated with chemotherapy and/or radiation. Surgical resection alone of previous cancer(s) is allowed
• Patients with central nervous system involvement of RMS as defined below:
• Malignant cells detected in cerebrospinal fluid
• Intra-parenchymal brain metastasis separate and distinct from primary tumor (i.e., direct extension from parameningeal primary tumors is allowed).
• Diffuse leptomeningeal disease
• Patients who have received any chemotherapy (excluding steroids) and/or radiation therapy for RMS prior to enrollment.
• Note: the following exception:
• Patients requiring emergency radiation therapy for RMS. These patients are eligible, provided they are consented to ARST2031 prior to administration of radiation
• Note: Patients who have received or are receiving chemotherapy or radiation for non-malignant conditions (e.g. autoimmune diseases) are eligible. Patients must discontinue chemotherapy for non-malignant conditions prior to starting protocol therapy
• Vincristine and vinorelbine are sensitive substrates of CYP450 3A4 isozyme. Patients must not have received drugs that are moderate to strong CYP3A4 inhibitors and inducers within 7 days prior to study enrollment
• Female patients who are pregnant since fetal toxicities and teratogenic effects have been noted for several of the study drugs. A pregnancy test is required for female patients of childbearing potential
• Lactating females who plan to breastfeed their infants
• Sexually active patients of reproductive potential who have not agreed to use an effective contraceptive method for the duration of their study participation